Faculty Publications
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Item Incorporation of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash to investigate the mechanical behavior of Stone Mastic Asphalt(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Akarsh, P.K.; Ganesh, G.O.; Marathe, S.; Rai, R.Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is one kind of new generation gap graded hot mix asphalt with higher content of asphalt with coarse aggregate proportions. The stone-on-stone interlock in SMA makes it superior rut resistant mix and favorable in adverse conditions. The usage of conventional fillers in SMA will lead to the creation of many environmental nuisances and entail additional cost during the production. The use of industrial by-products in the place of the conventional filler can be proven favorable to overcome enhanced production cost of SMA. In the present research work, one such largely produced industrial waste called, Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) is used as a filler in SMA by replacing conventional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) filler, and the engineering performances and cost effectiveness is examined. The SMA mixes were cast with 6.25% optimum binder content are varied with SBA of 2.5% (ACS1), 5.0% (ACS2), 7.5% (ACS3) and 10% (ACS4) by weight of the mix as filler and the results were compared with conventional SMA mix (ACS0). The results showed that, the inclusion of SBA demonstrated superior performances indicating the enhanced stiffness of mix (in terms of Marshall and flow characteristics). Moisture resistance of the SMA mix was improved up to 7.5% SBA replacement. Further, the drain-down test results revealed that, SBA can be effectively used as stabilizing agent. The mix ACS 1 and ACS2 shown a minimum rut depth in reference with ACS0. The mix with 5% SBA resists more number of repetitive loads than all the mix tested. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem Laboratory evaluation of use of areca fibres in SMA mixes(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Chinnabhandar, R.K.; Kumar, H.K.; Yatish, R.G.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.One of the problems associated with Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixes is the drain down of binder mortar during production, transportation and placement of the mixes. A commonly adopted method to control the drain down is to add a stabilising additive such as natural, synthetic or mineral fibres to the mixture, which is also known to improve the mechanical and volumetric properties of SMA. The present study evaluates the feasibility of using areca fibres extracted from areca husk in SMA as a stabilising additive. Three SMA mixtures were prepared with Viscosity Grade VG 30 bitumen using areca fibre (SMA-AF), coconut fibre (SMA-CF) and cellulose fibre in pelletised form (SMA-PF) and their performance was compared with a control SMA mixture prepared using Polymer Modified Bitumen (SMA-PMB). The prepared SMA specimens were evaluated for volumetric and Marshall properties, workability characteristics, Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS), fatigue, rutting and moisture susceptibility. The drain down test results indicated that the fibres controlled the drain down, and the optimum fibre content was 0.3% for the mixes with fibres. All the mixtures satisfied the requirements of SMA per IRC:SP 79-2008. The statistical analysis conducted revealed that the fibre type had a significant effect on the properties of SMA mixes. The SMA-PMB and SMA-CF mixes required the least and the highest energy for compaction. Among the mixes with natural fibres, SMA-AF performed better than SMA-CF. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of aggregate gradation and bitumen type on mechanical properties of semi-flexible asphalt mixtures(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Kumar, D.H.; Chinnabhandar, R.K.; Chiranjeevi, K.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.R.Semi-Flexible Asphalt (SFA) mixture is a wearing course in which Open-Graded Asphalt (OGA) mixes having air voids of 20–35% are grouted with cement mortar. The grout consists of cement, sand, superplasticizer, and water. In the present work, an effort was made to assess the effect of the Sand-Cement (S/C) ratio in determining the optimal grout proportions. Taguchi technique combined with Grey Relational Analysis was used to obtain the optimal grout proportion. The optimum grout was found to be the mixture prepared with an S/C ratio of 0.6, a water-to-cement (W/C) ratio of 0.40, and a polycarboxylic ether-based superplasticizer (SP) content of 0.75% by weight of cement. The SP content was the most influencing factor, while the S/C ratio was the second most influencing factor. To investigate the effect of aggregate gradation and bitumen type on the mechanical properties of SFA mixtures, a new aggregate gradation with neat and modified bitumen was used to prepare OGA mixtures and later grouted with optimal grout proportion. The Marshall Stability, compressive strength, Indirect Tensile Strength, Cantabro loss, fatigue resistance, moisture and Oil spillage resistance tests were conducted. The results showed that the SFA mixtures prepared with polymer-modified bitumen and the new aggregate gradation have better mechanical properties, implying the significance of bitumen type and aggregate gradation. © 2023Item Synergistic effects of natural fibres and agro-waste ash on the engineering and sustainability of stone-matrix asphalt mixes(KeAi Communications Co., 2025) Akarsh, P.K.; Marathe, S.; Sapal, H.K.; Akshaya Krishna, N.This study investigates the use of non-traditional natural fibres, specifically sisal plant fibres (SF) and coconut coir coir fibres (CCF), in Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) mixtures. The objective was to evaluate the optimal binder content, assess Marshall properties, and investigate drain-down, indirect tensile strength, fatigue, and rutting characteristics of the SMA mixes. Additionally, the study explores the use of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), an agro-waste, as a substitute for Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), aiming to promote sustainability and waste management optimization. The research identified the optimal SMA mix with a 0.30% fibre dosage and 10% SBA, demonstrating favorable mechanical properties with Marshall stability and tensile strength ratio exceeding 90%, alongside satisfactory rutting and fatigue performance. The results showed that SF and CCF provided comparable, or even superior, performance to traditional cellulose fibres (CF), positioning them as sustainable alternatives for pavement construction. Further, a Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) was conducted on conventional and modified SMA mixes, revealing substantial long-term economic benefits. Although SMA mixes incurred slightly higher initial costs, their superior durability and reduced maintenance needs resulted in a 13.6% cost reduction for SMA-CCF and 11.1% for SMA-SF over a 20-year period. Environmental assessments confirmed that substituting synthetic fibres and OPC with SF, CCF, and SBA substantially lowered carbon emissions and enhanced sustainability, with reductions in Global Warming Potential of up to 50%. These findings highlight the potential of natural fibres and SBA in reducing costs and environmental impacts, offering a sustainable solution for future pavement construction. © 2025 Tongji University and Tongji University Press