Faculty Publications

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The irrigation potential of a tank system, thousands of which are found in South India, depends upon a number of factors other than water availability. These factors are mainly influenced by the agricultural technology adopted, food practices of people and livestock, the interdependence of land-human-livestock components of life, and socioeconomic practices prevailing in rural areas. The system needs to pertain not only to grain yield but also to fodder production. In semiarid regions of India, uneven distribution and insufficient rainfall during the initial crop season develops water stress in plants. Relatively higher irrigation efficiency, which is possible to attain in tank systems, leads to an increase in the energy resources required for various agricultural operations. An attempt is made in this paper to investigate the effect of these factors on the optimal use of irrigation potential of a minor irrigation tank system. The method involves developing a linear programming (LP) model to optimize the net profit from the system and to determine the optimal cropping pattern under the influence of various parameters, e.g., animal power, labor, fodder production, the resources of farmers, and the nutritional energy requirement of the system, in addition to water availability. The crucial nature of these factors as well as the irrigation efficiency is analyzed. The solution reveals the effectiveness of prevailing agricultural practices consistent with the availability of water resources in the initial crop season. © ASCE.
(Systems analysis of tank irrigation: I. crop staggering) Mayya, S.G.; Prasad, R.
1989
Tank irrigation systems in the semiarid regions of India are discussed in this paper. To optimize the grain yield of rice, it is essential to start the agricultural operations in the second week of July so that favorable climatic conditions will prevail during flowering and yield formation stages. Because of low inflow during the initial few weeks of the crop season, often farmers are forced to delay planting until sufficient sowing rain and inflow have occurred or to adopt deficit irrigation during this period. The delayed start affects the grain yield, but will lead to an improved irrigation efficiency. A delayed start of agricultural operations with increased irrigation efficiency leads to the energy resources becoming critical during the peak requirement week, particularly those of female labor and animal power. This necessitates augmenting these resources during weeks of their peak use, either by reorganizing the traditional methods of cultivation or by importing from outside the system. © ASCE.
(Systems analysis of tank irrigation: II. delayed start and water deficit) Prasad, R.; Mayya, S.G.
1989
Microbial production of tannase: State of the art
(2011) Belur, P.D.; Mugeraya, G.
Tannin acyl hydrolase (E.C.3.1.1.20) is commonly referred as tannase, hydrolyses ester and depside bonds of hydrolysable tannins to produce gallic acid, glucose and galloyl esters. Tannase finds application in many industrial sectors which includes pharmaceutical, food, chemical and beverages industry. The enzyme has potential uses in the treatment of tannery effluents and pre-treatment of tannin containing animal feed. Since, the discovery of tannase in 1867, a great deal of research did happen on production aspects of tannase. Most of the research was focused on fungal tannase, as tannin was earlier considered as bacteriostatic. After the discovery of bacterial tannase in 1983, several studies on bacterial tannase were published. Despite the long history and numerous publications, tannase is still considered as one of the costly industrial enzymes. This is due to less titer and long fermentation time of the processes. In view of the growing demand, it is imperative to isolate high productive strains and develop economically feasible processes. This study reviews the microbial sources, isolation and screening methods, modes of production, substrates and media, temperature and pH of fermentation, duration of fermentation and location of tannase enzyme. An attempt is also made to give an outline of historical development which has taken place in tannase research.© 2011 Academic Journals Inc.
Public expenditure effectiveness for biodiversity conservation: Understanding the trends for project tiger in India
(Now Publishers Inc, 2020) Nayak, B.P.; Jena, P.R.; Chaudhury, S.
Project Tiger, a flagship programme for conservation of the tiger launched in 1973 in India has expanded over the years in terms of its geographical coverage and volume of expenditure. However, the tiger is still an endangered species in India and conservation efforts face multiple challenges like widespread loss of tiger habitat, decline in the density of prey animals, illegal poaching, human-animal conflicts and revenge killing. This study explores the trends and patterns of government expenditure over the years by reviewing the annual plan of operation of different tiger reserves and examines whether the volume or the pattern of expenditure has any relationship with performance, measured by the change in the number of tigers and occupancy in 28 tiger reserves. Analysis of the financial outlay data in the Annual Plan of Operation of the tiger reserves suggest that habitat improvement, which includes relocation, gets the highest share whereas human-animal conflict and eco-development gets the least, though more than 0.5 million households are located in and around the tiger reserves 0.3 million. Allocations are neither proportional to the size of the reserve nor to the tiger population. The relationships between expenditure categories and tiger populations are explored through a negative binomial regression model. Among the expenditure categories, expenditure on habitat improvement, excluding relocation, is found to be negatively related to tiger population whereas all other expenditures like infrastructure, protection, and human-animal conflict are positively related. © 2020 B. P. Nayak and P. R. Jena and S. Chaudhury

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