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Subject: search.filters.subject.Aluminum chloride

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    Effects of electric potential, NaCl, pH and distance between electrodes on efficiency of electrolysis in landfill leachate treatment
    (Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2017) Erabee, I.K.; Ahsan, A.; Jose, B.; Arunkumar, T.; Sathyamurthy, R.; Idrus, S.; Daud, N.N.N.
    This study investigated the effects of different parameters on the removal efficiencies of organic and inorganic pollutants in landfill leachate treatment by electrolysis. Different parameters were considered such as the electric potential (e.g., 24, 40 and 60 V), hydraulic retention time (HRT) (e.g., 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 min), sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (e.g., 1, 3, 5 and 7%), pH (e.g., 3, 7 and 9), electrodes materials [e.g., aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe)] and distance between electrodes (e.g., 1, 2 and 3 cm). The best operational condition of electrolysis was then recommended. The electric potential of 60 V with HRT of 120 min at 5% of NaCl solution using Al as anode and Fe as cathode (kept at a distance of 3 cm) was the most efficient condition which increased the removal efficiencies of various parameters such as turbidity, salinity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and heavy metals (e.g., Zn and Mn). The higher removal percentages of many parameters, especially COD (94%) and Mn (93%) indicated that the electrolysis is an efficient technique for multi-pollutants (e.g., organic, inorganic and heavy metals) removal from the landfill leachate. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
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    Efficient preparation of hybrid biofuels from biomass-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Yadav, A.K.; Bhat, N.S.; Kaushik, S.; Seikh, A.H.; Dutta, S.
    Fuel candidates containing both petroleum-derived and biomass-derived molecules in their structural motifs ensure both feedstocks are used optimally and coherently. This work reports a straightforward and efficient preparation of 5-(arylmethyl)furfurals (AMFFs), 2-(arylmethyl)furans (AMFs), and 2-(arylmethyl)-5-methylfurans (AMMFs) as hybrid biofuels (or fuel oxygenates) starting from carbohydrate-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons. The AMFFs were prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction between AcMF and aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., BTX, mesitylene) by employing anhydrous ZnCl2 as the catalyst. AMFs were prepared by decarbonylation of AMFFs over the Pd(OAc)2 catalyst under solvent-free conditions. In contrast, AMMFs were produced by hydrogenating AMFFs in methanol using gaseous hydrogen and the 10% Pd/C catalyst. The catalytic transformations were optimized on various parameters, and all the biofuel candidates were obtained in good to excellent isolated yields (>80%) under moderate conditions. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.