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Subject: search.filters.subject.Aliphatic hydrocarbons

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    Thermo-physical analysis of natural shellac wax as novel bio-phase change material for thermal energy storage applications
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2020) B.V., B.V.; Gumtapure, V.
    The high energy density of latent heat storage makes it more competent than other types of thermal energy storage (TES) systems. Studying thermophysical and rheological properties of phase change material (PCM) is required for effective storage design, simulation, and applications. Bio-based PCM (BPCM) is a renewable and eco-friendly option for commercial paraffin-based PCMs. This study intends to characterize the shellac wax using the conventional and non-conventional approach as novel BPCM. Analysis of Fourier transforms infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) indicates that shellac wax has aliphatic hydrocarbons, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and esters functional group. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows shellac wax has no mass change for operating temperature range (50–85 °C). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis reported enthalpy of melting and crystallization as 148 kJ/kg and 161 kJ/kg, respectively. The crystallization enthalpy measured in the T-history method (THM) is 210.5 kJ/kg. However, DSC analysis of sample undergone 0,100,200 and 300 thermal cycle shows no significant change in thermal properties. Other properties like thermal conductivity, density, specific heat and viscosity are comparable to the present PCM used in storage applications. The overall study outcome that shellac wax is thermally stable and is potential BPCM for the TES application like solar desalination, district heating, waste heat recovery and solar cooking. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
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    Role of ZSM5 catalyst and char susceptor on the synthesis of chemicals and hydrocarbons from microwave-assisted in-situ catalytic co-pyrolysis of algae and plastic wastes
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Suriapparao, D.V.; Tanneru, T.; Rajasekhar Reddy, B.R.; Yerrayya, A.; Bhasuru, B.A.; Pandian, P.; Prakash, S.R.; Sankar Rao, C.; Sridevi, V.; Desinghu, J.
    The synergetic effect between algae biomass in co-pyrolysis with synthetic plastics (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and expanded polystyrene (EPS)) was investigated in this work. Individual feedstock pyrolysis and co-pyrolysis of algae with PP, PE, and EPS were conducted at a constant supply of microwave energy (420 J/s). Pyrolysis char was used as a susceptor in all the experiments. The average heating rate was varied in the range of ∼50–60 °C/min for achieving the final pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C. In catalytic co-pyrolysis, the ZSM-5 catalyst was used for upgrading the physicochemical properties of pyrolysis oil. The use of catalyst promoted the excessive cracking of biomass in co-pyrolysis, leading to higher gas and coke residue comparatively. The viscosity, density, and flash point of oil obtained in catalytic co-pyrolysis were significantly reduced. While the oil obtained from individual pyrolysis of algae is rich in phenolic derivatives, and that of PP, PE has aliphatic hydrocarbons, and EPS has monoaromatic hydrocarbons as major compounds. The synergistic role of plastic and biomass in co-pyrolysis was observed in the formation of products and oil composition. The bio-oil from catalytic co-pyrolysis is composed of aliphatic oxygenates, aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, and phenolics. The chemicals and hydrocarbons present in the oil have a carbon number in the range of C6 to C30. An increase in carbon and hydrogen elemental composition was observed in bio-oil obtained from co-pyrolysis. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd