Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item A Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Datta, K.; Jena, P.R.The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), is a pivotal force in addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation. As climate change worsens into a worldwide disaster, the need to address its consequences gets more urgent. In response, the GCF emerges, as one of the primary climate finance mechanisms, providing a solid platform for mobilizing climate finance and facilitating transformative projects in developing nations to help them address climate-related concerns. Our systematic literature review rigorously examines the GCF’s global impact by delving into its organizational structure, funding mechanisms, and project efficacy. Employing the PRISMA methodology, we meticulously evaluate 39 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus. This review enriches the understanding of the GCF’s central role in global climate finance and sustainability, its contributions, and the challenges it faces. Our analysis reveals that the GCF demonstrates potential in balancing mitigation and adaptation through innovative approaches, including private sector engagement and equitable fund distribution. However, issues persist regarding adaptation finance accessibility for vulnerable states. To enhance effectiveness, we advocate for increased investment in decentralized, community-led solutions aligned with long-term development goals. A probable shortfall in meeting mitigation targets outlined in the Copenhagen Agreements, emphasizing the urgent need for increased financial resources. Diversifying funding sources and improving transparency are crucial for effective climate financing. This study provides vital insights to guide the GCF’s evolution and improve its efficacy in addressing climate change while advancing sustainable development globally. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Improved subject-independent acoustic-to-articulatory inversion(Elsevier, 2015) Afshan, A.; Ghosh, P.K.In subject-independent acoustic-to-articulatory inversion, the articulatory kinematics of a test subject are estimated assuming that the training corpus does not include data from the test subject. The training corpus in subject-independent inversion (SII) is formed with acoustic and articulatory kinematics data and the acoustic mismatch between training and test subjects is then estimated by an acoustic normalization using acoustic data drawn from a large pool of speakers called generic acoustic space (GAS). In this work, we focus on improving the SII performance through better acoustic normalization and adaptation. We propose unsupervised and several supervised ways of clustering GAS for acoustic normalization. We perform an adaptation of acoustic models of GAS using the acoustic data of the training and test subjects in SII. It is found that SII performance significantly improves (?25% relative on average) over the subject-dependent inversion when the acoustic clusters in GAS correspond to phonetic units (or states of 3-state phonetic HMMs) and when the acoustic model built on GAS is adapted to training and test subjects while optimizing the inversion criterion. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Campus adaptations by age cohort(Serials Publications serialspublications@vsnl.net, 2016) Vijayalakshmi, N.S.; Sequeira, A.H.Objective: The study aims to empirically test the relationship between types of campus adaptations across different age levels of engineering undergraduate B.Tech students pursuing a four year study at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT's) and National Institute of Technology (NIT's) in India. Method: The Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Manova) test was run with SPSS vs. 21 to compare the student's age groups between 18 - 24 on different dimensions of campus adaptations of IIT's and NIT's. The sample of 1385 students was selected using multistage random sampling method. Results: In academic adaptations the age groups of 18, 19, 23 and 24 had a positive outcome and age groups of 20, 21 and 22 had a negative outcome. In social adaptation age groups of 18, 21, 22,23 and 24 had positive outcome and age groups of 19 and 20 had negative outcome. In physical -psychological adaptation age groups of 18, 19, 21 and 23 had positive outcome and age groups of 20, 22 and 24 had negative outcome. Finally in institutional adaptation 19, 22, 23 and 24 had positive outcome and age groups of 18, 20, and 21 have negative outcome. Conclusions : There are significant differences among student age groups of 18 - 24 on different forms of campus adaptations. In short, campus adaptations do vary across age groups influencing students experiences at university. © Serials Publications.Item Livelihood vulnerability assessment and climate change perception analysis in Arunachal Pradesh, India(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Rehman, S.; Azhoni, A.; Chabbi, P.H.Climate change induced frequent disasters pose severe threats to agro-based rural livelihoods. Perceptions of risks play a critical role in planning and averting disasters. Lack of analytical documentation concerning how vulnerable communities perceive climate risks is a barrier to addressing and averting disasters and maladaptation. Applying a mixed approach, this study examines the perception of households concerning climate change and analyses the impacts of climate change on livelihood in Arunachal Pradesh, the largest northeastern state of India, with severe climate related challenges. Conceptual livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) framework of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is adopted to analyse the climate change induced vulnerability on livelihood. A total 450 households from 18 villages located in the districts of Arunachal Pradesh were surveyed during October, 2021 for retrieving the ground complexities in the region. Decrease in yields, frequent landslides and floods, livestock losses and unpredictable weather condition were perceived by the sampled households. The LVI analysis indicated that households are vulnerable in Arzoo, Perum, Pekong and Amliang villages requiring priority for lessening livelihood vulnerability and increasing coping capacity of the communities. Correlation analysis indicated that climate variability, natural disaster, health, food and social components attributed to livelihood vulnerability in the study area. Alternate livelihood, enhancing preparedness to disasters, inclusion of women in workforce, sustainable livelihood practices and government assistance are some of the suggestions made to enhance the adaptation of local communities in a sustainable way. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Item Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture: Farm-Level Evidence from Karnataka, India(Horizon Research Publishing, 2024) Rajesh Acharya, R.H.This study examines the impact of climate change on agriculture and explores the role of technology in its adaptation. For this purpose, primary data are collected from ecologically sensitive coastal and western ghat regions in the state of Karnataka. The study applied the Ricardian approach to estimate the climate sensitivity of agriculture in the region. A structured questionnaire with 98 questions collected various information from farmer households. Farmers' responses to these questions are presented as frequency tables and cross-sectional regression is applied under the Ricardian approach. The empirical results of the study confirm that farmers are aware of the sensitivity of agriculture to climate change. However, there is a lack of understanding of the adaptation of agriculture to climate change. Most farmers feel that since farming largely relies on nature, it is impossible to adapt to climate vagaries. Therefore, there is a greater need to educate farmers on possible adaptation strategies. Further, there is no greater variation in the crops cultivated and farmers' responses across different districts in the study area. There is a lot of scope for using technology to educate farmers on climate risks and possible adaptation strategies. Results of the Ricardian model reveal that erratic rainfall has a negative impact on farmland value. Among the socioeconomic variables, land belonging to socially backward communities commands less value than forward communities. Variables like education and households practising agriculture as the main profession positively influenced farmland values. Based on findings, several policy implications are highlighted, with the prominent being helping farmers diversify earnings, and communicating the standard adaptation strategies using cost-effective communications with greater reach. © 2024 Horizon Research Publishing. All rights reserved.