Faculty Publications
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Item Modelling soil moisture under different land covers in a sub-humid environment of Western Ghats, India(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2011) Venkatesh, B.; Nandagiri, L.; Purandara, B.K.; Reddy, V.B.The objective of this study is to apply and test a simple parametric water balance model for prediction of soil moisture regime in the presence of vegetation. The intention was to evaluate the differences in model parameterization and performance when applied to small watersheds under three different types of land covers (Acacia, degraded forest and natural forest). The watersheds selected for this purpose are located in the sub-humid climate within the Western Ghats, Karnataka, India. Model calibration and validation were performed using a dataset comprising depth-averaged soil moisture content measurements made at weekly time steps from October 2004 to December 2008. In addition to this, a sensitivity analysis was carried out with respect to the water-holding capacity of the soils with the aim of explaining the suitability and adaptation of exotic vegetation types under the prevailing climatic conditions. Results indicated reasonably good performance of the model in simulating the pattern and magnitude of weekly average soil moisture content in 150 cm deep soil layer under all three land covers. This study demonstrates that a simple, robust and parametrically parsimonious model is capable of simulating the temporal dynamics of soil moisture content under distinctly different land covers. Also, results of sensitivity analysis revealed that exotic plant species such as Acacia have adapted themselves effectively to the local climate. © Indian Academy of Sciences.Item Land-use land-cover changes in east singbhum mineralized zone: A case study(2011) Kashinath, P.; Deb, D.; Vardhan, H.; Mangalpady, M.; Samanta, B.Remote sensing images and techniques are widely used for environmental monitoring, climate changes, forest management and for water resource management. In the present work, identification of land-use land-cover (LULC) changes was studied based on Landsat Satellite (MSS) and IRS Satellite (LISS-III) images by Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC) method. The study finds that the areas of water bodies and dense forest have decreased by more than 11 % and 6 %, respectively, while area covered by vegetation and habitats have increased by 16 % and 5 %, respectively. It was also found that dense forest was increased by 30 % around Norwapahar mine site area.Item Land use scenario analysis and prediction of runoff using SCS-CN method: A case study from the Gudgudi tank, Haveri district, Karnataka, India(2011) Bhagwat, N.B.; Shetty, A.; Hegde, V.S.Runoff from the Gudgudi tank catchment (209 ha) near Hangal in the Northern Karnataka is estimated employing Soil Conservation Services(SCS) model based on the hydrological data and land use/ land cover data. Rainfall measured for 2006 using a tipping bucket indicated annual rainfall of 887.7mm in the tank catchment. Textural characteristics of the soil indicate sandy-clayey type which corresponds to hydrological soil group "C and D". Average Soil infiltration rate of 0.18 cm/hour for the forest-land and 0.21 cm/hour for agriculture land has been observed. Weighted curve number is arrived based on the antecedent moisture conditions, and runoff is estimated for the existing land-use. Areastorage curve is constructed using the tank bed contours. Considering the hypothetical changes in the agriculture and forest area coverage, optimum conditions for maximizing the runoff and storage in the tank is arrived. The analysis suggests land use pattern of 15% of forest cover and 85% of agriculture land coverage in this region provide maximum runoff and storage in the tank for sustainable development. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY.Item Effects of land use and climate change on water scarcity in rivers of the Western Ghats of India(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Sharannya, T.M.; Venkatesh, K.; Mudbhatkal, A.; Muthuvel, M.; Mahesha, A.This paper assesses the long-term combined effects of land use (LU) and climate change on river hydrology and water scarcity of two rivers of the Western Ghats of India. The historical LU changes were studied for four decades (1988–2016) using the maximum likelihood algorithm and the long-term LU (2016–2075) was estimated using the Dyna-CLUE prediction model. Five General Circulation Models (GCMs) were utilized to assess the effects of climate change (CC) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for hydrological modeling of the two river catchments. To characterize granular effects of LU and CC on regional hydrology, a scenario approach was adopted and three scenarios depicting near-future (2006–2040), mid-future (2041–2070), and far-future (2071–2100) based on climate were established. The present rate of LU change indicated a reduction in forest cover by 20% and an increase in urbanized areas by 9.5% between 1988 and 2016. It was estimated that forest cover in the catchments may be expected to halve compared to the present-day LU (55% in 2016 to 23% in 2075), along with large-scale conversion to agricultural lands (13.5% in 2016 to 49.5% in 2075). As a result of changes to LU and forecasted climate, it was found that rivers in the Western Ghats of India might face scarcity of fresh water in the next two decades until the year 2040. However, because of large-scale LU conversion toward the year 2050, streamflow in rivers might increase as high as 70.94% at certain times of the year. Although an increase in streamflow is perceived favorable, the streamflow changes during summer and winter may be expected to affect the cropping calendar and crop yield. The changes to streamflow were also linked to a 4.2% increase in ecologically sensitive wetlands of the Aghanashini river catchment. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item INFLUENCE OF LAND USE LAND COVER CHANGE ON RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS OF NETRAVATHI RIVER CATCHMENT, KARNATAKA, INDIA(Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd., 2024) Dwarakish, G.S.; Pai, J.B.; Jubina, C.K.The effect of LU/LC on the streamflow characteristics of the Netravathi river basin, Karnataka, India, is studied using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Landsat images, soil map from FAO, ASTER DEM (30m grid) and streamflow data, forms the database for the present work. The most significant changes from 1981 to 2015, in the LU/LC includes agricultural land (31.86%), built-up area (67.9%), forest cover (-20.01%), coconut plantation (55.12%), other vegetation (-18.55%) and others (-11.82%). The verification of performance of model was carried out by the coefficient of determination values (R2 > 0.8) and N S E (NSE > 0.78) were obtained and hence proved that SWAT model performance in estimating streamflow.. The average streamflow is increased by 13.74% from 1981 to 2015, which is mainly due to dynamic changes in LU/LC. Hence, it can be concluded that changes in LU/LC have a direct impact on streamflow in the study area. © 2024, Zibeline International Publishing Sdn. Bhd.. All rights reserved.