Faculty Publications
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Item A Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Datta, K.; Jena, P.R.The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), is a pivotal force in addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation. As climate change worsens into a worldwide disaster, the need to address its consequences gets more urgent. In response, the GCF emerges, as one of the primary climate finance mechanisms, providing a solid platform for mobilizing climate finance and facilitating transformative projects in developing nations to help them address climate-related concerns. Our systematic literature review rigorously examines the GCF’s global impact by delving into its organizational structure, funding mechanisms, and project efficacy. Employing the PRISMA methodology, we meticulously evaluate 39 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus. This review enriches the understanding of the GCF’s central role in global climate finance and sustainability, its contributions, and the challenges it faces. Our analysis reveals that the GCF demonstrates potential in balancing mitigation and adaptation through innovative approaches, including private sector engagement and equitable fund distribution. However, issues persist regarding adaptation finance accessibility for vulnerable states. To enhance effectiveness, we advocate for increased investment in decentralized, community-led solutions aligned with long-term development goals. A probable shortfall in meeting mitigation targets outlined in the Copenhagen Agreements, emphasizing the urgent need for increased financial resources. Diversifying funding sources and improving transparency are crucial for effective climate financing. This study provides vital insights to guide the GCF’s evolution and improve its efficacy in addressing climate change while advancing sustainable development globally. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Simulation of varada aquifer system for sustainable groundwater development(2008) Ramesh, H.; Mahesha, A.Groundwater flow modeling has been used extensively worldwide with varying degrees of success. The ability to predict the groundwater flow is critical in planning and implementing groundwater development projects under increasing demand for fresh water resources. This paper presents the simulation of the aquifer system for planning the groundwater development of Varada basin, Karnataka, India using the Galerkin finite-element method. The government of Karnataka State, India is implementing the World Bank assisted project, "Jal Nirmal" for a sustainable development of the region, thereby ensuring a safe supply of drinking water to the northern districts of the state. Varada basin is one of the beneficiaries of the project in Haveri district. Field tests carried out in the study area indicate that the region is predominantly a confined aquifer with transmissivity and storage coefficients ranging from 5.787×10-6m2/s (0.500 m2/day) to 4.213×10-3m2/s (3.640×102m2/day) and 0.011-0.001× 10-2, respectively. This study mainly emphasizes the spatial and temporal variability of groundwater potential under different developmental scenarios. The model predictions were reasonably good with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.78 to 0.91 with the root mean square error of about 0.46-0.78 during calibration and validation. The stated accuracies are based on comparisons between measured and calculated heads. The outcome of the study would be a useful input for the conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater planning for the sustainable development of the region. © 2008 ASCE.Item Impact assessment of watershed development programme - A case study of Itagi watershed(2010) Palakshappa, K.; Nagaraj, M.K.; Shivapur, A.V.Soil, water and vegetation are the important gifts of nature to mankind. Welfare and development of mankind and its civilization revolves around conservation and development of these vital natural resources, which are so interdependent that one can not be managed efficiently without the other two. Watershed Development Programs (WDP) going on in India basically as soil and water conservative programs (as a policy response to the increasing environmental crisis and non-sustainability of agriculture especially in the dry land/semi-arid regions) has modified substantially with the introduction of watershed guidelines in 1994 by the Government of India. In the present study the area considered for assessment is Itagi sub watershed in Ranebennur taluk, Haveri district, Karnataka. During the watershed development programme soil and water conservation structures were constructed in the study area in the year 2004. The analysis of data reveals that there is an improvement in the groundwater recharge, increase in yield of the wells, increase in agricultural production, reduction in soil erosion and many other tangible and intangible benefits as a result of this watershed development programme. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Sustainable approaches for utilizing waste in building construction: Two case studies in India(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.Problems associated with increasing waste due to rising urban developments and its environmental concerns are reviewed. The challenges and standards for sustainable construction are outlined. This study explores potential utilization of different types of waste materials in building construction for its efficient and sustainable management. The benefits and challenges in utilization of waste for building applications are reviewed. Two case studies which demonstrate effective utilization of waste in construction projects carried out in India are outlined. These sustainable approaches of managing waste in building construction shall help private and governmental agencies to incorporate effective waste management strategies in future. This study will offer a background and useful guide for engineers and material scientists to develop standards and specifications for cost effective alternate building materials and techniques for economy, energy, and environmental benefits. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Use of Laterite as a sustainable building material in developing countries(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2014) Kasthurba, A.K.; Reddy, K.R.; Venkat Reddy, D.V.Utilisation of local materials is an important step to sustainable construction to reduce transportation cost, save embodied energy, and protect the environment. This paper advocates the use of local laterite-a soil type rich in iron and alumina formed under hot and wet tropical conditions-due to its cost effectiveness and energy efficiency than that of conventional modern materials in tropical developing countries. This paper summarizes the occurrence and characteristics of laterite and then highlights the need for developing universal database of properties and standard testing protocols to facilitate evaluation and extensive use laterite in building applications. Understanding of properties and potential challenges of using this material will benefit for the development of suitable strategies/techniques for sustainable construction. Overall, this study identifies various factors that should be considered for efficient utilization and managements of laterite in construction to meet the growing demand of new housing and infrastructural in different regions of developing tropical world. © 2014 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Assessment of hydropower potential in Nethravathi river basin using SWAT model(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society cafetinnova@gmail.com 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2015) Babar, S.; Shobhita, M.P.; Ramesh, H.Hydropower plants have the advantage of producing renewable and clean power, the renewable and reliable energy source that serves national environmental and energy policy objectives. Therefore, the development of hydropower plant and improvements of water management have essential in contributing to sustainable growth and energy production in developing countries like India. The present study is concerned with the development of methodology and assessment of hydropower potential in the Nethravathi River basin with the help of Remote Sensing and GIS. The drainage area covers about 3190 km2 at Bantwal gauging point, and most of the land cover of the basin is dominated by forest. The basin was divided into six sub-basins based on hydrology and topography using GIS tools. The climate over the basin is coastal humid tropical and receives an average annual rainfall of about 4000 mm. sub-basin discharges were estimated using the Soil Conservation Services (SCS) curve number method. To ensure the total discharge from six sub-basins computed from SCS curve number method, the flows were routed and simulated at the gauging location using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT model was calibrated for monthly time steps from 1998–2001, and validated for 2002–2003. Flow-duration curves (FDC) were generated for each sub-basin to assess the dependable yield. The results have shown a good agreement between observed and the simulated flows. The available discharge at 75%, 80% and 90% of time for each sub-basin were extracted from the FDC. This result were used to calculate the hydropower potential in all the six sub-basins at Q75, Q80 and Q90, by integrating thematic layers using ArcSWAT. © 2015 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Air-cured Alkali activated binders for concrete pavements(Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering, 2015) Palankar, N.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.; Mithun, B.M.The present study focuses on the possibility of use of alkali activatedbinders for use in concrete pavements. Alkali Activated Slag Concrete (AASC) and Alkali Activated Slag Fly ash Concrete (AASFC) are prepared and the properties are compared with Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete (OPCC). The Ground Granulated Blast FurnaceSlag (GGBFS) and Fly Ash (FA) are blended in the ratios 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 as binder and activated using strong alkaline solution. Trial mixes are carried out to identify the optimal Activator Modulus (Ms) for each combination of GGBFS and FA. The mix design for the optimal activator modulus is optimised to achieve sufficient strength for Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) and the fresh and mechanical properties are studied in detail. The results indicate the properties of AASC and AASFC are similar or slightly better than conventional OPCC and satisfy the minimum strength requirements for concrete pavements. The application of alkali activated binders will minimise the environmental hazards occurring from augmented OPC production, along with effective utilisation of industrial waste materials and conservation of natural resources. © Chinese Society of Pavement Engineering.Item Utilisation of mine waste in the construction industry - A Critical Review(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2016) Shreekant, R.L.; Mangalpady, M.; Vardhan, H.The exploitation of mineral resources would promote the development of economy and society, but it will also generate massive waste/tailings that may pollute the environment significantly (in the form of spreading of waste in and around the mines, siltation of soil/slimes in nearby water bodies, air pollution etc.) Therefore, developing comprehensive utilization of waste fines/tailings in large scale is the need of the day in order to improve the surroundings and for sustainable development of resources. Manufacturing of non-fired bricks is one of the options for utilization of waste generated in mines along with reduction of CO2 emission. If the waste material is improperly dumped in mine site, the flow of material during rainy season may reduce the fertility of nearby agricultural land. Hence, waste utilization plays a vital role in natural resource conservation. Further, building blocks/bricks from mine waste is eco-friendly as it utilizes waste and reduces air, land and water pollution. It is energy efficient and also cost effective as reported by various investigators in the past. Hence, it is very much necessary to find alternative for making use of iron ore waste material (fines)/tailings as an aggregate in construction materials like bricks or paving blocks. This paper provides a critical review of the utilization of mine waste for brick making in the construction industry. © 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Eco-concrete for sustainability: utilizing aluminium dross and iron slag as partial replacement materials(Springer Verlag, 2017) Javali, S.; Chandrashekar, A.R.; Naganna, S.R.; Manu, D.S.; Hiremath, P.N.; Preethi, H.G.; Vinod Kumar, N.Emphasis on utilizing the industrial waste/discarded materials can be brought about by discovering innovative methods of disposal. One such a way of waste disposal can be through utilizing them in concrete production as a filler material or pozzolana. In this regard, the present study proposes to use the aluminium dross and granular iron slag as partial replacement materials for cement and natural sand, respectively, to develop eco-concrete. Nine mixes were produced with different proportions of cement, aluminium dross, sand and granular iron slag content. The aluminium dross was replaced at 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the weight of the cement. Initially, the optimal substitution percentage of aluminium dross was found without the substitution of iron slag based on the strength results. Later, by adopting the optimal aluminium dross percentage with cement, the granular iron slag was partially substituted at 10, 20, 30 and 40% of natural sand to find the overall optimal blend. The strength and durability properties of the M40 grade concrete employing these two admixture combinations were analysed. It was noticed that the strength and durability properties of the eco-concrete produced by incorporating aluminium dross ?5% and iron slag ?20% were comparable to that of conventional concrete. Furthermore, from the toxicity analysis, it was seen that the leaching of heavy and trace elements from the eco-concrete was negligibly small and within the limits. In near future, the cost-effective, eco-friendly materials and technologies can be opted as a perpetual strategy to overcome severe material shortages for resource conservation and economy. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.