Faculty Publications

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    Rural electrification in India and feasibility of Photovoltaic Solar Home Systems
    (2011) Kamalapur, G.D.; Yaragatti, U.R.
    Rural electrification is an integral component of poverty alleviation and rural growth of a nation. In India, electricity has not played effective role in the socio-economic growth of village. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is increasing with 8% where as contribution of agriculture sector is 1.9%. Government of India has ambitious target of providing electricity to all villages by 2008 and all rural households by 2012. Steps are already initiated with Rural Electric Corporation, Rural Electricity Supply Technology mission, State Electricity Boards, Reforms in Power sector. An attempt has been made in this paper to assess the features of rural electrification in India and the feasibility of Photovoltaic Solar Home Systems (PV SHS). © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Solar Load Voltage Tracking for Water Pumping: An Algorithm
    (Springer India sanjiv.goswami@springer.co.in, 2015) Kappali, M.; Udayakumar, R.Y.
    Maximum power is to be harnessed from solar photovoltaic (PV) panel to minimize the effective cost of solar energy. This is accomplished by maximum power point tracking (MPPT). There are different methods to realise MPPT. This paper proposes a simple algorithm to implement MPPTlv method in a closed loop environment for centrifugal pump driven by brushed PMDC motor. Simulation testing of the algorithm is done and the results are found to be encouraging and supportive of the proposed method MPPTlv. © 2014, The Institution of Engineers (India).
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    Low temperature synthesis of iron pyrite nanorods for photovoltaic applications
    (Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2015) Namanu, P.; Jayalakshmi, M.; Bhat, K.U.
    Iron pyrite is gaining reputation amongst the various alternatives for silicon as the photovoltaic material in solar cells due to its low cost, strong absorption and relatively high abundance of its constitutional elements. The synthesis of iron pyrite nanoparticles by existing hydrothermal methods with precise control over size, shape and stoichiometry is a difficult task due to the difficulty in controlling the parameters at a higher temperature. Here, we report a novel synthesis method for obtaining iron pyrite nanorods through a low temperature process in a stirred container which is scalable for the large scale industrial production. The nanorods synthesized by the new method consisted of single phase pyrite, possessing an optical band gap of about 1.13 eV. The overall mechanism of nanorod formation is explained by the La Mer model as well as the oriented attachment model. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
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    Power control of PV/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid system for stand-alone applications
    (International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Nempu, P.B.
    This paper presents modeling and control of photovoltaic/fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid power system for stand-alone applications. The hybrid power system uses solar photovoltaic array and fuel cell as the main sources. These sources share their power effectively to meet the load demand. The supercapacitor bank is used to supply or absorb the power during load transients. The main control system comprises of controller for maximum power tracking from photovoltaic system, a DC-DC boost converter with controller for fuel cell system for power management and inverter controller to regulate voltage and frequency. The stand-alone hybrid system aims to provide quality power supply to the consumers with a constant voltage and frequency along with proper power management using simple control techniques. The modeling and control strategies of the hybrid system are realized in MATLAB/Simulink.
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    Highly efficient panchromatic dye-sensitized solar cells: Synergistic interaction of ruthenium sensitizer with novel co-sensitizers carrying different acceptor units
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Babu, D.D.; Elsherbiny, D.; Cheema, H.; El-Shafei, A.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    Herein, we report the molecular design, synthesis and photovoltaic performance studies of three new organic co-sensitizers, N1-3 carrying indole and thiophene units linked to different acceptors/anchoring groups, as co-adsorbents for dye sensitized solar cells. We present the role of anchoring/acceptor units on co-sensitization properties N1-3. Their photo-physical and electrochemical results along with molecular geometry, obtained from Density Functional Theory are utilized to rationalize the influence of co-sensitizer structures on photovoltaic properties for DSSCs. We have shown that, the co-sensitization effect is profoundly dependent upon the anchoring/acceptor unit in the co-adsorbents. Among them, N3 containing 4-aminobenzoic acid shows promising co-sensitization results and exhibits an enhanced efficiency of 9.26%, when co-sensitized with a ruthenium dye, HD-14. Further, the study highlights the importance of molecular matching between the sensitizer and co-sensitizer in enhancing the efficiency. Furthermore, vertical electronic excitations are calculated using time dependent density functional theory studies. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Megawatt-scale solar variability study: An experience from a 1.2 MWp photovoltaic system in Australia over three years
    (Institution of Engineering and Technology journals@theiet.org, 2016) Yan, R.; Saha, T.K.; Meredith, P.; Ananth, A.; Hossain, M.I.
    With more photovoltaic (PV) systems being integrated into distribution networks, power utilities are facing many challenges in both planning and operation. Network operators are concerned with PV variability and associated necessity of voltage regulation, control coordination, reserve adequacy and dispatch constraints. While to address the obligatory connection agreement, it is vital for PV farm owners to accurately estimate PV variability and then provide the most cost-effective compensation method. In the literature, PV variability of different scales has been investigated over the last 20 years. However, little has focused on output fluctuations of PV systems with long-term and high-resolution recorded data at a low-voltage distribution feeder level where voltage regulation has become a serious issue. This is particularly true in Australia, where PV penetration is growing in many states and is expected to grow further in the near future. This study utilises the data of a distributed 1.2 MWp PV system in the University of Queensland recorded over the last three years with 1-min resolution to analyse the statistical characteristics of PV power variability. The results from this study will provide very useful information for both power utilities and solar farm owners regarding network operation and future PV system development. ©The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2016.
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    Synthesis and band gap tuning in CdSe(1-x)Te(x) thin films for solar cell applications
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Santhosh, T.C.M.; Bangera, K.V.; Shivakumar, G.K.
    Thin films of CdSe(1-x)Te(x) (x = 0 – 1) were grown on to the glass substrates by thermal evaporation method (PVD). The effect of annealing duration on the formation of single phase ternary alloys were systematically investigated. The prepared thin films were characterized by using FE-SEM, EDS and X-ray diffractometer. The X-ray diffraction studies shows that vacuum annealed films are polycrystalline in nature, and well oriented along a preferred direction of (0 0 2) for hexagonal and along (1 1 1) for cubic crystal structure. It is observed that increase in the CdTe concentration leads to change in the crystal structure from hexagonal to cubic. The absorption coefficients and optical band gaps were evaluated from spectrometric measurements. It is observed that optical band gap can be tuned from 1.67 eV to 1.51 eV as value of x varied from 0 to 1. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
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    Output power loss of photovoltaic panel due to dust and temperature
    (International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 2017) Tripathi, A.K.; Mangalpady, M.; Murthy, C.S.N.
    Due to increase in power consumption and greenhouse problem all over the world, an alternative source is necessary for generating clean and environmental friendly electric power. In this regard, solar energy could be a good choice of power generation, since the cost of solar panels decreasing rapidly in the past few years. Moreover, solar energy has also become more efficient as compared to other source of energy systems. The performance of solar photovoltaic (PV) panel depends on the incoming light to panel surface and it is governed by environmental parameters, mainly dust and temperature. Dust shading creates a barrier in the path of incoming sun light, which reduces the amount of sunlight falling on photovoltaic panel surface, and hence power output and performance of panel reduces significantly. The increase in temperature above maximum power point temperature results in power output loss of panel. This paper presents the phenomena of performance degradation of PV panel due to dust shading and temperature.
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    Thermal and optical characterization of biologically synthesized ZnS nanoparticles synthesized from an endophytic fungus Aspergillus flavus: A colorimetric probe in metal detection
    (Elsevier B.V., 2017) Uddandarao, U.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.
    Nanostructured semiconductor materials are of great importance for several technological applications due to their optical and thermal properties. The design and fabrication of metal sulfide nanoparticles with tunable properties for advanced applications have drawn a great deal of attention in the field of nanotechnology. ZnS is a potential II–IV group material which is used in hetero-junction solar cells, light emitting diodes, optoelectronic devices, electro luminescent devices and photovoltaic cells. Due to their multiple applications, there is a need to elucidate their thermal and optical properties. In the present study, thermal and optical properties of biologically synthesized ZnS nanoparticles are determined in detail with Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Derivative Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy. The results reveal that ZnS NPs exhibit a very strong quantum confinement with a significant increase in their optical band gap energy. These biologically synthesized ZnS NPs contain protein residues that can selectively bind with metal ions in aqueous solutions and can exhibit an aggregation-induced color change. This phenomenon is utilized to quantitatively measure the metal concentrations of Cu2 + and Mn2 + in this study. Further the stability of nanoparticles for the metal sensing process is accessed by UV–Vis spectrometer, zeta potential and cyclic voltammeter. The selectivity and sensitivity of ZnS NPs indicate its potential use as a sensor for metal detection in the ecosystem. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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    Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of a novel asymmetric dual-channel co-sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cell beyond 10% efficiency
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Babu, D.D.; Su, R.; Naik, P.; El-Shafei, A.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    In this paper, we report the design and synthesis of a new bi-anchoring indole based co-sensitizer DBA-8 with A-?-D-A (acceptor-? bridge-donor-acceptor) architecture, carrying indole moiety as a donor and barbituric acid as acceptor/anchoring groups. Its photo-physical and electrochemical properties along with molecular geometries, calculated from Density Functional Theory (DFT) are employed to comprehend the effect of co-sensitizer structure on photovoltaic characteristics of DSSCs. The abovementioned organic dye (DBA-8) was employed as a co-sensitizer along with well-known ruthenium based sensitizer NCSU-10 in order to broaden the spectral responses of the co-sensitized DSSC. In the present work, for the first time we are demonstrating the profound role of a dual-anchoring co-sensitizer that can play in ameliorating the overall performance of a solar cell. The photovoltaic studies indicated that, the co-sensitizer DBA-8 succeeded in increasing the light harvesting ability in the device significantly. Notably, the device co-sensitized using 0.2 mM DBA-8 along with ruthenium based chromophore NCSU-10, showed a maximum efficiency of 10.68% (Jsc = 25.14 mAcm?2, Voc = 0.695 V, ff = 61.2%). Further, the good agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained ?max data vindicate that, the energy functional and basis set employed in this study can be successfully utilized for predicting the absorption spectra of new photosensitizers, with great precision before synthesis. Furthermore, all these findings showcase the vast potential of bi-anchoring molecules in improving the overall performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd