Faculty Publications

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    Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Scales of Shoreline Changes in the Cuddalore Region, India
    (Elsevier, 2018) Subbarayan, S.; Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Vishnuprasath, S.R.
    Coastal zones are constantly undergoing changes in shape and environment due to natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. The study of shoreline change has become a matter of great concern in recent years. The measurement of shorelines is a key factor in coastal zone construction. A shoreline change study was carried out for a 33-km stretch of the Cuddalore coast between Gadilam and the Vellar River. Satellite images (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) were taken as an input dataset in a GIS platform. Automatic shoreline delineation was attempted by a masking technique using ENVI software. In this study, the modification of normalized difference water index (MNDWI) method extracted the raster shoreline-based contrast value of coastal pixels and thresholding techniques for segmenting water and land regions. DSAS software and reference digitized shoreline boundary data were used for the analysis of shoreline changes. End point rate (EPR) and net shoreline movement determination showed the northern part of the Uppanar River mouth under erosion (region A to C and E) and sediment deposition at an accretion rate of 7.6. m/year from EPR and 114. m from NSM. The maximum shoreline erosion rate was -. 3.8. m/year from EPR and -. 57. m from NSM. From these attempts and results, a methodical approach for detection and monitoring of shoreline changes on spatial and temporal scales of interest have been suggested. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Study of dynamic changes through geoinformatics technique: A case study of Karwar coast, west coast of India
    (Springer, 2019) Yadav, A.; Dodamani, B.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.
    Shoreline is one of the geo-indicators of the coastal zone. Coastal zone is subjected to threats due to change in shoreline. Shoreline change leads to modification and causes for damages of properties, infrastructure around the shoreline region. These modifications, changes of land expands too many issues of the environment under the coastal zone. The present study was carried out by employing remote sensing and GIS techniques for the coastal regime of Karwar, India. LANDSAT-8 remote sensing data was integrated with the GPS data collected during the field survey. The satellite data is processed and analyzed using ERDAS IMAGINE 2014 tool and ArcGIS 10.3 tool, respectively. High Water Line (HWL) is considered for the extraction of shoreline. The visual interpretation of satellite imageries is carried out to distinguish the HWL. Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) was evaluated by adopting Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool. Statistical methods such as Weighted Linear Regression (WLR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR) and End Point Rate (EPR) were used to estimate the changes of shoreline. The present study reveals that shorelines of Karwar Coast, Ravindranath Taghore beach experiences an average erosion rate is −4.61 m/year (EPR), −1.49 m/year (LRR), and 0.19 (WLR) and Devbagh beach experiences an average erosion rate is −9.74 m/year (EPR), −7.53 m/year (LRR), and −11.55 m/year (WLR). © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
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    Monitoring Spatial and Temporal Scales of Shoreline Changes in the Cuddalore Region, India
    (Elsevier, 2019) Subbarayan, S.; Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Vishnuprasath, S.R.
    Coastal zones are constantly undergoing changes in shape and environment due to natural processes and anthropogenic interventions. The study of shoreline change has become a matter of great concern in recent years. The measurement of shorelines is a key factor in coastal zone construction. A shoreline change study was carried out for a 33-km stretch of the Cuddalore coast between Gadilam and the Vellar River. Satellite images (2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) were taken as an input dataset in a GIS platform. Automatic shoreline delineation was attempted by a masking technique using ENVI software. In this study, the modification of normalized difference water index (MNDWI) method extracted the raster shoreline-based contrast value of coastal pixels and thresholding techniques for segmenting water and land regions. DSAS software and reference digitized shoreline boundary data were used for the analysis of shoreline changes. End point rate (EPR) and net shoreline movement determination showed the northern part of the Uppanar River mouth under erosion (region A to C and E) and sediment deposition at an accretion rate of 7.6m/year from EPR and 114m from NSM. The maximum shoreline erosion rate was −3.8m/year from EPR and −57m from NSM. From these attempts and results, a methodical approach for detection and monitoring of shoreline changes on spatial and temporal scales of interest have been suggested. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    A Study on Morphodynamic Nature of Muthalapozhi Fishery Harbour in Kerala Using Geospatial Approach
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Paravath, K.; John, A.; Nasar, T.
    It is crucial to monitor the dynamics of any fragile coastal stretch on a regular basis. Shorelines on both sides of Muthalapozhi tidal inlet, which is located along Kerala coast in India, were modified after the construction of breakwaters for a fishing harbour. The fishing harbour work was initiated in 2002. Severe erosion at the immediate North of the breakwater and choking of harbour mouth due to spit formation was observed. The construction of modified breakwaters began in 2013, after resolving the deficiencies in the first phase. Coastal morphology needs to be further analysed to check the adequacy of the breakwaters. An attempt to study the dynamicity of coastal morphology of Muthalapozhi Harbour using geospatial approach is reported in this paper. In response to the breakwater construction, End Point Rate (EPR) and Linear Regression Rate (LRR) are calculated using Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) in ArcGIS software. The results indicate that high accretion with a maximum rate of 209 m/year in the year 2019 is observed on the immediate southern side of the south breakwater. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
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    Shoreline analysis using Landsat-8 satellite image
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Yadav, A.; Dodamani, B.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.
    The shoreline is a boundary between wet and dry part of the beach, and it is dynamic in nature. Natural and human factors are always influencing shoreline configuration. One of the important natural events which are responsible for the shoreline configuration along the Karnataka coast is southwest monsoon, and hence there is a change in shoreline position between pre- and post-monsoon. For the present research work, Karwar beach with two beaches, Rabindranath Tagore beach and Devabagh beach along Karnataka coast, West coast of India were selected as study area. Landsat-8 satellite images for the years 2013–2017 were used in the present study and processed for May and October of every year, using ERDAS imagine 2014 and ArcGIS 10.3 tools to generate shoreline configuration maps. Finally, the comparison was made between 2013 and 2017 years, and the results indicate that the Devbagh beach during pre-monsoon season has an average shoreline change rate of ?7.54 m/yr (EPR) and ?5.57 m/yr (LRR) and during post-monsoon season it is 0.34 m/yr (EPR) and ?0.46 m/yr (LRR). Similarly, Rabindranath Tagore beach during pre-monsoon seasons has an average shoreline change rate of 0.004 m/yr (EPR) and 1.67 m/yr (LRR), and in post-monsoon season, it is ?5.77 m/yr (EPR) and ?6.55 m/yr (LRR) respectively. The total uncertainty error was estimated and found to be (Formula presented.) 5.00 m/yr. © 2018 Indian Society for Hydraulics.
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    Assessment of potentially vulnerable zones using geospatial approach along the coast of Cuddalore district, East coast of India
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Kulithalai Shiyam Sundar, K.S.S.; Subbarayan, S.; Deka, P.C.; Devanantham, A.
    Coastal zones constantly undergo rapid changes in shape, morphology, and the environment due to natural as well as human development activities. Thus, assessing the vulnerability of the coast has become an important matter of concern. The study area is about 33 km of coastal zone from the Gaddilam to the Vellar River of Cuddalore districts in Tamil Nadu, India. This region was affected during the 2004 tsunami that took place in the Indian Ocean and also influenced by many cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. The methodology is about preparing various thematic layers such as shoreline change, elevation data, coastal slope, bathymetry, mean tidal range, maximum surge, beach width, geomorphology, and sea-level rise. Rank and weights are assigned to these parameters using the Index Overlay method in Geographic Information System environment. Vulnerability zones of different magnitudes such as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low were classified. From the study it is found about 15% of the coast is under very high vulnerability, 10.2% of the study lies under high vulnerability, 35.4% of the study lies under the moderately vulnerable region, 24% and 15.4% of the area lies under low and very low vulnerable region, respectively. © 2020 Indian Society for Hydraulics.
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    Time-series analysis of erosion issues on a human-intervened coast– A case study of the south-west coast of India
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Parvathy, M.M.; Balu, R.; Dwarakish, G.S.
    Coastal erosion has long been identified as a cause of concern for the state of Kerala, situated in the Indian subcontinent, affecting the life and livelihood of millions residing in the coastal belt. The increased human interference supplemented by changes in the climatic pattern in recent years has modified the coastal scenario of the state altogether. The present study attempts to evaluate the effect of anthropogenic influences in modifying the coastal scenario to review the efficiency of the coastal management policy adopted by the state over the years. For this purpose, the shorelines extracted from the available multi-temporal satellite images are analysed using DSAS software to calculate the shoreline change rate prior to 2000 (1973-98) and post-2000 (2002-21) using the linear rate of regression method. The study seeks to key out critically eroding areas, subsequently exploring the possible conducive reasons for the changed coastal scenario. The results indicate a reduction of 34.5% in the share of eroding length, with a visible shift in a substantial portion of coastal stretch from the mild erosion category to the stable category. Despite the state's continuous efforts to curb the issue, the long-term shoreline change over the past 49 years (1973–2021) reveals erosion to be dominant in nearly 39.12% of the coastal length, with the share of eroding length in the southern, central and northern regions as 33.8%, 38.67% and 44.04%, respectively. The results point towards the dominance of human interventions accompanied by climate change impacts as the primary reason for transforming the coast, necessitating the need to modify the state's current coastal management policy. The research emphasises the need for a comprehensive coastal management plan for the state to take heed of the changing climatic scenario. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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    Shoreline change detection using DSAS and Land use/Land cover change analysis of Mangalore coast, southwest coast of India
    (Elsevier B.V., 2025) Bharath, N.; Swathi, K.K.; Dwarakish, G.S.; Shivanna; Pai, J.
    This study presents an integrated assessment combining Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) and multi-temporal Land Use/Land Cover (LU/LC) analysis to quantitatively link shoreline change and land use dynamics along the Mangalore coast, extending 26 km from Talapady in the south to Surathkal in the north. The objectives of the study were 1) to calculate the shoreline change rates for short and long periods along the study area with the help of the DSAS v5.1 tool in ArcGIS, and 2) to calculate LU/LC dynamics using remote sensing data from 1997 to 2022, including accuracy assessment of classifications. The shorelines were extracted by using conventional data (toposheet) and remote sensing data with multi-dated satellite images of Landsat 5, 7, 8 and 9 along with Resourcesat- LISS-?. The shoreline change rates are detected through two statistical methods: Endpoint rate-EPR(m/yr) and Linear regression rate-LRR(m/yr). The change analysis reveals that the coastline is highly eroded about ?3.24 m/yr (EPR) in the year 2000, and highly accreted about +3.99 m/yr (EPR) in 2009 compared to the 1970 shoreline. The long-term change analysis reveals that the coastline shows an average accretion rate of about 1.89 m/yr (LRR). Key limitations include potential errors in shoreline digitisation and spatial resolution constraints, which may impact rate precision. The study emphasises the urgent need for integrated coastal zone management to balance development pressures with environmental sustainability near the Ullal and Bengre regions, and highlights implications for achieving Sustainable Development Goal targets related to climate action and sustainable coastal ecosystems. © 2025 The Authors