Faculty Publications

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    Effect of using Mahua as an alternative fuel in diesel engine
    (2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.; Reddy, R.P.
    There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of non-edible Mahua Oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel oil in India. The objective of the present work is to use MO as a partial renewable alternative substitute for diesel in the agricultural diesel engine. Since the viscosity of the MO is high, it was blended with conventional diesel oil in various proportions (M5, M10, M15 and M20 on volume basis) and fuel properties of the blends were determined and compared with the diesel. Engine tests were carried out on a single cylinder diesel engine at varying loads (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), without making any modification in the fuel injection system and the results were compared with the diesel. The M5 and M10 blends resulted in performance and emission characteristics comparable to diesel operation and also emits lower carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and smoke emissions as compared to other blends. From the analysis, it is concluded that the MO can be partially substituted for diesel oil in the diesel engine, without making any modification in the hardware of the engine.
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    Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on fish oil methyl esters
    (2010) Godiganur, S.; Suryanarayana Murthy, Ch.; Reddy, R.P.
    The high viscosity of fish oil leads to problem in pumping and spray characteristics. The inefficient mixing of fish oil with air leads to incomplete combustion. The best way to use fish oil as fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines is to convert it into biodiesel. It can be used in CI engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has properties similar to mineral diesel. Combustion tests for methyl ester of fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel were performed in a kirloskar H394 DI diesel engine, to evaluate fish biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine, at constant speed of 1500 rpm under variable load conditions. The tests showed no major deviations in diesel engine's combustion as well as no significant changes in the engine performance and reduction of main noxious emissions with the exception on NOx. Overall fish biodiesel showed good combustion properties and environmental benefits. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends
    (2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.
    India imports more than seventy percent of the oil it uses and is looking for alternative fuel to reduce its dependence on imports. In India, bio fuels derived from non-edible oils is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The cost of the biodiesel is higher than diesel and hence in this work, cardanol was used as an alternative renewable fuel for the diesel engine. The engine tests were conducted on a double cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine. From the engine tests, it is observed that the brake power increases (by 70% approximately) as load increases. Brake specific energy conversion decreases (by 25-30% approximately) with increase in brake power. Brake thermal efficiency increases with higher brake power and emission levels (HC, CO, NOX) were nominal up to 20% blends. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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    Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends
    (Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.
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    Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel blends
    (Regional Energy Resources Information Center (RERIC) enreric@ait.ac.th, 2015) Bedar, P.; Pandey, J.K.; Kumar, G.N.
    This article deals with the usage of non-edible Simarouba glauca (paradise) oil as a biodiesel for single cylinder diesel engine with application of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates. Biodiesel blends B10, B20 with EGR rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% are used for different load conditions. Parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and smoke opacity were evaluated from the experimental study. The results show that Simarouba glauca biodiesel usage decreases HC, CO and smoke emissions with slight increase of NOx, also an improvement in the performance was observed for B10 blend. EGR rates 10% and 15% are beneficiated in terms of performance and emission but negative trend is observed for 20% EGR rate. On the whole it is concluded that a better trade-off between NOx and other emissions is attained with simultaneous application of EGR (15%) and biodiesel blend (B10) without compromising engine performance.
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    Effect of hydrogen addition on the performance and emission parameters of an SI engine fueled with butanol blends at stoichiometric conditions
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Raviteja, S.; Kumar, G.N.
    Hydrogen is considered as the best fuel due to its excellent combustion properties. But its use as a fuel is confined by its low energy density. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to utilize some of the benefits of hydrogen by using it as an additive in a butanol fueled engine. The experimental study has been carried out on a 4 stroke, single cylinder, manifold electronic fuel injected (EFI) engine mapped to run at stoichiometric conditions. Butanol blends were chosen as the base fuel due to their higher energy density compared to ethanol. A small fraction of hydrogen was injected into the air stream. The engine was run at 3000 RPM at full load condition. The performance, emission and combustion parameters are compared for four concentrations of butanol (10%, 20%, 30%, and 100% by volume of fuel) and two concentrations of hydrogen (5%, and 10% by volume of air) with gasoline. The results indicated that the efficiency of the engine improved upon hydrogen enrichment. An average of 60% reduction was observed in HC and CO emissions with 10% enrichment of hydrogen, whereas the NO emissions almost doubled itself. The combustion analysis showed reduced delay periods, shorter combustion durations, higher cylinder pressures, higher temperatures and improved combustion. © 2015 Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC.
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    Experimental Investigation of Variations in Spark Timing using a Spark-Ignition Engine with Hydrogen-Blended Gasoline
    (Wiley-VCH Verlag info@wiley-vch.de, 2015) Shivaprasad, K.V.; Chitragar, P.R.; Kumar, G.N.
    This study describes an experiment conducted using an electronically controllable single-cylinder high-speed gasoline engine to analyze the performance and emissions characteristics of various hydrogen-gasoline blends. The experiments have been conducted for various engine speeds and spark timings at the wide open throttle position. The experimental results revealed that the engine brake thermal efficiency and brake mean effective pressure first increase and then decrease with the increase engine speed at all spark timings. The minimum amount of brake specific energy consumption was observed for 20% hydrogen addition in the total fuel blend at 3000rpm engine speed and 14°crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) spark timing. Hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions were reduced with the retardation of spark timings. Nitrogen oxide emissions were continuously increased with the addition of hydrogen in the fuel blend as well as spark timing advance. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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    Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.
    It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.
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    An experimental investigation on performance and emission parameters of a multi-cylinder SI engine with gasoline–LPG dual fuel mode of operation
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    The present study deals with the performance and emission characteristics of a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) spark ignition (SI) engine in gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual fuel mode of operation. The LPG–gasoline ratio varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at various speed and load conditions. Experiments show that the power output decreases with increase in speed and LPG content at lower load marginally due to lower volumetric efficiency. At higher load and lower speed conditions as the percentage of LPG increases there is not much difference in the power output. Results also reveal that 50% LPG flow gives maximum efficiency at full load condition and 4000 rpm due to lower fuel consumption. With 50% usage of LPG, the average increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is 2% till the engine speed of 4000 rpm at full load (100%) and half load (50%) conditions. As the LPG ratio increases the engine will work in the lean region for all speed and load conditions. For all load and speed conditions, results reveal that 100% LPG will give minimum hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are higher for 100% LPG. However 50% LPG flow gives good agreement of NOX, HC and CO emissions when compared with gasoline operation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.