Faculty Publications
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Item The calibration of vehicle and pedestrian flow in mangalore city using PARAMICS(WITPress marketing@witpress.com, 2014) Prusty, S.K.; Phadnis, R.; Kunal, R.P.This paper presents a traffic simulation approach for evaluating the pedestrian behaviour by developing a model which includes pedestrians in a vehicular micro-simulation model i.e. PARAMICS that provides a default mechanism for simulating pedestrian movements. This approach is demonstrated by using a case study of a signalized intersection having large pedestrian flow interacting with large vehicular flow in the city of Mangalore, India. In this paper pedestrian behaviour is calibrated with pedestrian speed flow models by defining pedestrians as vehicles. This work provides different methods for evaluating policies that effect both pedestrian and vehicle flow. In this work different critical factors that affect the pedestrian and vehicle flow are considered (i.e. Vehicle queue discharge rate, Pedestrian queue discharge rate, Pedestrian gap acceptance, Pedestrian speed etc.) and finally the network was coded in PARAMICS. The major parameters defined of the driving behaviour that control the car-following behaviour, lane changing behaviour, lateral position and driver reaction to traffic lights are considered and calibrated in PARAMICS. After calibration and validation of pedestrian and vehicle flows the difference between the simulated and observed data were analysed. The high variability in data sets confines the simulation resulting in a constant queue discharge rate at flows approaching saturated conditions. This work finally concludes that PARAMIC'S car-following algorithm is very much helpful in reproducing vehicle and pedestrian flow in complex as well as heterogeneous urban traffic. Application of this car-following algorithm demonstrated by calibrating in PARAMICS will be very useful in predicting known pedestrian speed-flow relationship. © 2014 WIT Press.Item Factors Influencing Post-encroachment Time of Road Crossing Pedestrians Near Bus Stops Located on Mid-Block Sections(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Ajaykrishnan, M.J.; Sethulakshmi, G.; Mohan, M.The increase in road traffic poses a significant threat to vulnerable road users, heightening the demand for their safety. According to the recent Road Accidents Statistics (MoRTH, 2020), out of the total road accidents reported in 2020, 15.8% involved pedestrians, and 65.1% occurred on straight road sections. This highlights the difficulty and lack of safety for pedestrians. Lack of visibility is the major cause of most accidents, and in the case of bus stops, parked buses affect the visibility of crossing pedestrians. In this study, traffic safety of crossing pedestrians is analysed using the proactive approach, which identifies an observable non-crash event that could have led to a conflict. Post-Encroachment Time (PET) is the most popular time-based measure that is the least time-consuming for accurate estimation of surrogate safety. This paper focuses on determining factors which affect PET of pedestrian crossings at mid-block sections with designated or undesignated bus stops. Videographic surveys were conducted at two mid-block sections with bus stops in Kerala, where accidents to pedestrians are frequent. Kinovea software was used to extract data from the recorded video samples, and IBM SPSS software was used to outline the factors influencing PET. The study found PET of crossing pedestrians to have a high positive correlation with the time taken for the vehicle to approach the crossing pedestrian, while other factors like evasive action and compliance behaviour were negatively correlated. The study proposed a model that will enable the easy computation of PET values of crossing pedestrians. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Dispersion in an Urban Cross-Street Intersection(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Ranadive, S.; Singh, L.; Jitendra Pal, S.A typical urban street intersection comprises of roadways, pedestrian walkways, and tall buildings on the sides. Due to the large number of vehicles plying on the urban streets, the pedestrians are exposed to vehicular pollution. With the increase in the density of automobiles, there is a bigger threat to pedestrians. The current study investigates pollution dispersion in the case of an eight-story building across a cross-street intersection. The study includes the effect of the aspect ratio (AR = 0.5, AR = 1, and AR = 2), a ratio of building height to road width, on flow patterns and dispersion. The second part of the work includes the effect of wind approach angle (0º, 30º, 45º, 60º) on the dispersion. It is found that the pollutant mass concentration at the nose level of pedestrians is strongly influenced by the aspect ratio wherein the taller building provides less exposure to pedestrians due to the lateral dispersion. The wind approach angle also affects the pollutant concentration at the nose level. The exposure to pollutant is skewed along the length of the road walkways in the case of 30º and 60º. However, the dispersion in more uniform in the case when wind approach angle is 45º. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.