Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Simulation based performance comparison of community model, GFMM, RPGM, manhattan model and RWP-SS mobility models in MANET(2009) Gowrishankar, S.; Sarkar, S.K.; Basavaraju, T.G.A characteristic feature of ad hoc networks is the infrastructure less and seamless connectivity of the wireless mobile nodes. Mobility plays an important role in the connectivity of these nodes. In this paper a performance comparison of five important mobility models; Community Model, Group Force Mobility Model (GFMM), Reference Point Group Mobility (RPGM), Manhattan Mobility Model and Random Waypoint-Steady State (RWP-SS) Mobility Model has been analyzed. Community Model, GFMM and RPGM Mobility Models are pure group mobility models, while Manhattan Mobility Model can be considered as a pseudo Group Mobility Model. We have included RWP-SS to give a whole picture of how group mobility models stand against a random model like RWP-SS. From our analysis we deduce that group mobility models hold inherent advantage over mobility models like Random Waypoint models. Among the group mobility models, Community model has good performance when compared to other mobility models. Energy Consumption of these mobility models has also been analyzed. Various Metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio, Average Network Delay, Network Throughput, Routing Overhead and Number of Hops have been considered. The results obtained in our paper colligates with the theoretical results in [20]. We also claim that our work is the first to compare these five different mobility models together. © 2009 IEEE.Item Modeling and analysing a novel restricted angle scenario model in MANET(2010) Vetrivelan, N.; Aduru, A.V.In this work, we have modeled a novel Restricted Angle Scenario model for Mobile Adhoc networks. The direction movement of the nodes are significantly specified with given angles. We have compared and analysed our novel Restricted angle scenario model and the impact of mobility on MANET protocols. The parameter metrics Packet Delivery Fraction, Routing load, and Latency have been taken into account. Our simulation result shows that the functioning of our Restricted Angle Scenario model has greatly influenced the performance of Routing Protocols in MANET environment. The result reveals the fact that the Reactive routing protocol DSR outperforms than the Proactive routing protocol DSDV. Our Novel Restricted Angle Scenario Model has performed well when we compare it with existing Waypoint mobility model while setting many source-destination connections. ©2010 IEEE.Item Parallelized K-Means clustering algorithm for self aware mobile Ad-hoc networks(2011) Thomas, L.; Manjappa, K.; Annappa, B.; Guddeti, G.R.M.Providing Quality of Service (QoS) in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) in terms of bandwidth, delay, jitter, throughput etc., is critical and challenging issue because of node mobility and the shared medium. The work in this paper predicts the best effective cluster while taking QoS parameters into account. The proposed work uses K-Means clustering algorithm for automatically discovering clusters from large data repositories. Further, iterative K-Means clustering algorithm is parallelized using Map-Reduce technique in order to improve the computational efficiency and thereby predicting the best effective cluster. Hence, parallel K-Means algorithm is explored for finding the best effective cluster containing the hops which lies in the best cluster with the best throughput in self aware MANET. Copyright © 2011 ACM.Item Application of parallel K-means clustering algorithm for prediction of optimal path in self aware mobile ad-hoc networks with link stability(2011) Thomas, L.; Annappa, B.Providing Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of bandwidth, delay, jitter, throughput etc., for Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) which is the autonomous collection of nodes, is challenging issue because of node mobility and the shared medium. This work is to predict the Optimal link based on the link stability which is the number of contacts between 2 pair of nodes that can be effectively applied for prediction of optimal effective path while taking QoS parameters into account to reach the destination using the application of K-Means clustering algorithm for automatically discovering clusters from large data repositories which is parallelized using Map-Reduce technique in order to improve the computational efficiency and thereby predicting the optimal effective path from source to sink. The work optimizes the previous result by pre-assigning task for finding the best stable link in MANET and then work is explored only on that stable link hence, by doing so we are able to predict the optimal path in more time efficient way. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.Item Cross layer service driven adaptive retry limit for IEEE 802.11 mobile ad-hoc networks(2011) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, G.Traffic in future Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is expected to carry a mix of real time multimedia, and non real time file transfer etc. Providing Quality of Service (QoS) for these different applications is difficult and the current research on MANET is choosing the Cross Layer Design for providing QoS. The packet loss due to collision is misinterpreted by MANET as route failure and this triggers route maintenance phase causing unnecessary overhead resulting in low throughput. In this paper, we propose a service driven cross layer model in order to increase the throughput by dynamically adjusting the limits of Request to Send (RTS) retransmission for different flows in the network according to the priority. Simulation is done in NS-2 and the proposed method is compared with IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC using two ad-hoc routing protocols namely AODV and DSR. The results show that the prioritized flow achieves higher throughput over un-prioritized flow when compared to IEEE 802.11 MAC. © 2011 IEEE.Item Distance based termite algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks(2012) Manjappa, M.; Praveenkumar, G.H.; Guddeti, G.Providing Quality of Service (QoS) in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET's) is difficult due to dynamic nature of its topology. Today's research trends show that Swarm Intelligence (SI) can be used effectively to provide QoS in MANET and also MANET is not much explored in the area of SI. Motivated by their self organizing behavior and robustness many routing algorithms have been proposed for both wired and wireless networks. SI routing algorithms are driven by mainly two functions, Pheromone update-decay functions and Forwarding functions. In this paper, a new pheromone update and decay function for Termite algorithm is proposed for MANET which reflects the current context of the network that is the distance between the Mobile Nodes at the time of transmitting the packets. Received Signal Strength (Pr) from Physical Layer is used to find the distance and it is made visible at the Network Layer through Cross Layer Model. The proposed model is simulated and the results are compared with the existing methods and the metric used for the comparison are throughout and control packet overhead. The results show that the new distance based pheromone update and decay methods perform better than the other existing methods. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.Item A trust based approach for AODV protocol to mitigate black hole attack in MANET(2012) Thachil, F.; Shet, K.C.This paper presents a trust based collaborative approach to mitigate black hole nodes in AODV protocol for MANET. In this approach every node monitors neighbouring nodes and calculates trust value on its neighbouring nodes dynamically. If the trust value of a monitored node goes below a predefined threshold, then the monitoring node assume it as malicious and avoids that node from the route path. The experiments reveal that the proposed scheme secures the AODV routing protocol for MANET by mitigating and avoiding black hole nodes. © 2012 IEEE.Item A simple and efficient mechanism to detect and avoid wormhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks(2012) Raju, V.K.; Kumar, K.V.Mobile ad hoc networks are vulnerable to many kinds of attacks since they have unique characteristics like limited bandwidth, limited battery power and dynamic network topology. Among the various attacks possible in mobile ad hoc networks wormhole attack is one which is treated as a very severe attack. In this attack a malicious node records packets at one location in the network and tunnels them to another malicious node which is present in the other end of the network. In this paper, we have proposed an algorithm which detects and avoids the wormhole attack in the routing phase itself. Our mechanism is based on the total round trip time (RTT) of the established route and the average round trip times of the sender one hop neighbors, which is considered as maximum one hop round trip time. Our solution works for both mobile ad hoc networks and wireless ad hoc networks. © 2012 IEEE.Item Design and evaluation of load balanced termite: A novel load aware bio inspired routing protocol for mobile Ad Hoc network(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2014) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, G.Bio inspired computing based on Swarm Intelligence is successful in dealing with the networking problems such as routing, congestion and load balancing by finding an optimal path to the destination. Most of the existing bio inspired protocols for MANETs focused only on the routing problem. In this paper, a novel heuristic bio inspired routing with load balancing algorithm referred to as Load Balanced Termite (LB-Termite) is proposed for MANETs by exploiting the salient features of social insect, "Termites". The primary objective of the LB-Termite algorithm is to find the stable nodes and thereby giving preferences for these stable nodes during the path setup; thus finding the reliable route to the destination. The secondary objective of the proposed LB-Termite algorithm is to mitigate the stagnation problem by using pheromone heuristic control method. The simulation results of LB-Termite are compared with other state-of-the-art bio inspired routing algorithms (ACO based Simple Ant Routing Algorithm and the Termite algorithm) and non bio inspired (Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm) routing protocols for its performance evaluation and the results are found to be encouraging. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York.Item Bat-termite: A novel hybrid bio inspired routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks(Inderscience Publishers, 2014) Manjappa, M.; Guddeti, R.M.R.In this paper, the authors have proposed a novel hybrid bio-inspired routing protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs), referred to as bat-termite, by combining the unique features of both social insect termites and mammals bats. The primary objective of the proposed work is to design an adaptive routing protocol for MANETs based on the hill building nature of the termites. The secondary objective of the proposed work is to improve the backup route maintenance of the proposed algorithm using the echo-location feature of the bats. The proposed bat-termite algorithm exhibits superior routing features such as quick route discovery, high robustness with efficient management of multiple routes and rapid route repair. The bat-termite algorithm is simulated in NS-2 and the simulation results are compared with the bio-inspired (termite and D-Termite) and non bio-inspired (AODV and AOMDV) routing protocols from the performance evaluation point of view. Copyright © 2014 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.