Faculty Publications
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Item Effect of chemical modification of Al-Si alloys on thermal diffusivity and contact heat transfer at the casting-chill interface(2012) Prabhu, K.N.; Jayananda; Hegde, S.The heat flow during the unidirectional downward solidification of Al-7Si and Al-12Si alloys was analyzed using thermal analysis technique and inverse modeling. Chills instrumented with thermocouples were brought into contact with a small pool of liquid metal so as to minimize the effect of convection caused by pouring and temperature gradients. Modification melt treatment resulted in an increase in the cooling rate of the solidifying casting near the casting-chill interfacial region. The corresponding interfacial heat flux transients were also found to be higher. The thermal diffusivities of alloys were measured using a laser pulse technique and were found to be higher for modified alloys. However, the increase in the heat flux transients was attributed mainly to the improvement in the casting-chill interfacial thermal contact condition brought about by the decrease in the surface tension of the liquid metal upon the addition of sodium. Copyright © 2012 by ASTM International.Item Spatial dependence of heat flux transients and wetting behavior during immersion quenching of inconel 600 probe in brine and polymer media(Springer Boston, 2014) Ramesh, G.; Prabhu, K.Cooling curve analysis of Inconel 600 probe during immersion quenching in brine and polymer quench media was carried out. Thermal histories at various axial and radial locations were recorded using a high-speed data acquisition system and were input to an inverse heat-conduction model for estimating the metal/quenchant heat flux transients. A high performance smart camera was used for online video imaging of the immersion quenching process. Solution to two-dimensional inverse heat-conduction problem clearly brings out the spatial dependence of boundary heat flux transients for a Inconel 600 probe with a simple cylindrical geometry. The estimated heat flux transients show large variation on axial as well as radial directions of quench probe surface for brine quenching. Polymer quenching showed less variation in metal/quenchant heat flux transients. Shorter durations of vapor film, higher rewetting temperatures, and faster movement of wetting front on quench probe surface were observed with brine quenching. Measurement of dynamic contact angle showed better spreading and good wettability for polymer medium as compared to brine quenchant. The solid-liquid interfacial tension between polymer medium and Inconel substrate was lower compared with that of solution. Rewetting and boiling processes were nonuniform and faster on quench probe surface during immersion quenching in brine solution. For the polymer quench medium, slow rewetting, uniform boiling and repeated wetting were observed. © 2014 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.Item An analysis of Lavrentiev regularization method and Newton type process for nonlinear ill-posed problems(2014) Vasin, V.; George, S.In this paper we consider the Lavrentiev regularization method and a modified Newton method for obtaining stable approximate solution to nonlinear ill-posed operator equations F(x)=y where F:D(F)?X?X is a nonlinear monotone operator or F?(x0) is nonnegative selfadjoint operator defined on a real Hilbert space X. We assume that only a noisy data y??X with ?y- y???? are available. Further we assume that Fréchet derivative F? of F satisfies center-type Lipschitz condition. A priori choice of regularization parameter is presented. We proved that under a general source condition on x0-x?, the error ?x?-xn,??? between the regularized approximation xn,??(x0,??;=x0) and the solution x? is of optimal order. In the concluding section the algorithm is applied to numerical solution of the inverse gravimetry problem. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Cooling performance of select mineral oil and polymer quenchants(ASTM International, 2014) Tiwary, V.; Prabhu, K.In the present investigation, quench severity was determined for industrial oil quenchants and varying concentrations of PAG polymer. Viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, flash point, and fire point were measured for all quenchants. Cooling curve parameters were determined based on cooling curve analysis ISO/DIS 9950 technique. An Inconel 600 probe was used for this purpose. Severity of quenching was determined based on the Grossmann technique. Viscosity and thermal conductivity had a significant effect on quench severity. Heat flux and HTC at the metal/quenchant interface were computed by both lumped capacitance and Inverse modeling techniques. The effect of ultrasonic and Tensi agitation on cooling curve parameters was assessed. Polymer quenchants of lower concentrations showed marginally higher heat transfer rates compared to water particularly during unagitated condition. © © 2014 by ASTM International.Item Expanding the applicability of Tikhonov's regularization and iterative approximation for ill-posed problems(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2014) Vasin, V.; George, S.Recently, Vasin [J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 21 (2013), 109-123] considered a new iterative method for approximately solving nonlinear ill-posed operator equation in Hilbert spaces. In this paper we introduce a modified form of the method considered by Vasin. This paper weakens the conditions needed in the existing results. We use a center-type Lipschitz condition in our convergence analysis instead of a Lipschitz-type condition used in [J. Inverse Ill-Posed Probl. 21 (2013), 109-123]. This way a tighter convergence analysis is obtained and under less computational cost, since the more precise and easier to compute center-Lipschitz instead of the Lipschitz constant is used in the convergence analysis. Order optimal error bounds are given in case the regularization parameter is chosen a priori and by the adaptive method of Pereverzev and Schock [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 43 (2005), 2060-2076]. A numerical example of a nonlinear integral equation proves the efficiency of the proposed method. © 2014 by De Gruyter.Item Effect of preheated mixture on heat transfer characteristics of impinging methane-air premixed flame jet(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Tajik, A.R.; Kuntikana, P.; Prabhu, S.V.; Hindasageri, V.Energy from spent flame or other low grade energy can be used to increase the temperature of the air before mixing with fuel. This would improve the heat transfer characteristics of the impinging flame jet. The studies on impinging flame jets reported in the literature are based on the fuel-air mixture at ambient temperature. In the present work, the inlet air for mixture is heated by an electrical heater. The heat flux distribution is estimated using an inverse heat conduction (IHCP) technique. The Nusselt number (Nu) and effectiveness (?) distributions are obtained by estimating the adiabatic wall temperature (Taw) by the analytical-numerical method. A circular burner of 13.5 mm is used for impingement on quartz plate of 3 mm thickness. Reynolds number (Re) varying from 500 to 2000 for the non-dimensional burner tip to impingement plate spacing (Z/d) of 2-6 and stoichiometric condition (Ø = 1.0) is considered for varying preheated condition. The effect of equivalence ratio is studied for Ø = 0.75 to 1.5 for Re = 1000 and Z/d = 4. By increase in preheat temperature, the stagnation point heat flux increases from 20% to 50% unless the inner premixed zone touches the impingement plate. CFD simulations are carried out in FLUENT software to explain the distribution of heat flux. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item A quadratic convergence yielding iterative method for the implementation of Lavrentiev regularization method for ill-posed equations(Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com, 2015) Padikkal, P.; Shubha, V.S.; George, S.George and Elmahdy (2012), considered an iterative method which converges quadratically to the unique solution x?? of the method of Lavrentiev regularization, i.e., F(x) + ?(x - x0) = y?, approximating the solution x of the ill-posed problem F(x) = y where F:D(F)?X?X is a nonlinear monotone operator defined on a real Hilbert space X. The convergence analysis of the method was based on a majorizing sequence. In this paper we are concerned with the problem of expanding the applicability of the method considered by George and Elmahdy (2012) by weakening the restrictive conditions imposed on the radius of the convergence ball and also by weakening the popular Lipschitz-type hypotheses considered in earlier studies such as George and Elmahdy (2012), Mahale and Nair (2009), Mathe and Perverzev (2003), Nair and Ravishankar (2008), Semenova (2010) and Tautanhahn (2002). We show that the adaptive scheme considered by Perverzev and Schock (2005) for choosing the regularization parameter can be effectively used here for obtaining order optimal error estimate. In the concluding section the method is applied to numerical solution of the inverse gravimetry problem. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Nonlocal linear minimum mean square error methods for denoising MRI(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Sudeep, P.V.; Ponnusamy, P.; Kesavadas, C.; Rajan, J.The presence of noise results in quality deterioration of magnetic resonance (MR) images and thus limits the visual inspection and influence the quantitative measurements from the data. In this work, an efficient two stage linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) method is proposed for the enhancement of magnitude MR images in which data in the presence of noise follows a Rician distribution. The conventional Rician LMMSE estimator determines a closed-form analytical solution to the aforementioned inverse problem. Even-though computationally efficient, this approach fails to take advantage of data redundancy in the 3D MR data and hence leads to a suboptimal filtering performance. Motivated by this observation, we put forward the concept of nonlocal implementation with LMMSE estimation method. To select appropriate samples for the nonlocal version of the LMMSE estimation, the similarity weights are computed using Euclidean distance between either the gray level values in the spatial domain or the coefficients in the transformed domain. Assuming that the signal dependent component of the noise is optimally suppressed by this filtering and the rest is a white and uncorrelated noise with the image, we adopt a second stage LMMSE filtering in the principal component analysis (PCA) domain to further enhance the image and the noise variance is adaptively adjusted. Experiments on both simulated and real data show that the proposed filters have excellent filtering performance over other state-of-the-art methods. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item A neural network based method for estimation of heat generation from a teflon cylinder(Global Digital Central, 2016) Kumar, S.; Kumar, H.; Gnanasekaran, N.The paper reports the estimation of volumetric heat generation (qv) from a Teflon cylinder. An aluminum heater, which acts as a heat source, is placed at the center of the Teflon cylinder. The problem under consideration is modeled as a three dimensional steady state conjugate heat transfer from the Teflon cylinder. The model is created and simulations are performed using ANSYS FLUENT to obtain temperature data for the known heat generation qv. The numerical model developed using ANSYS acts as a forward model. The inverse model used in this work is Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Estimation of heat generation is carried out by minimizing the error between the simulated temperature and the experimental/surrogated temperature. The efficacy of the ANN method is explored for the estimation of unknown heat generation as both forward model and inverse model. The concept of Asymptotic Computational Fluid Dynamics (ACFD) is introduced as a fast forward model which is obtained by performing CFD simulations. The unknown heat generation is estimated for the surrogated data using ANN. In order to mimic experiments, noise is added to the surrogated data and estimation of heat generation is also carried out for the perturbed/noise added temperature data. © 2016, Global Digital Central. All rights reserved.Item Heat transfer and quench performance of aqueous CuO nanofluids during immersion quenching(Inderscience Publishers, 2016) Nayak, U.; Prabhu, K.The present work involves the assessment of quench performance of aqueous-copper oxide nanofluids. Distilled water-based copper oxide nanofluids of concentrations 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 and 1.0 vol.% were prepared by a two-step process. Cooling curves analysis was carried out using an inconel probe that was instrumented with thermocouples. The recorded temperature data during experiments was used to estimate spatiotemporal heat flux transients by solving inverse heat conduction problem. Quenching of probe in nanofluids resulted in longer vapour phase stage duration compared to distilled water. The addition of nanoparticles altered the peak flux and the time of its occurrence. Rewetting temperatures were found to be lower for nanofluids. The measured thermal conductivities and viscosities showed similar values for all quench media. © 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.