Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Pricing Decisions in a Heterogeneous Dual-Channel Supply Chain Under Lead Time-Sensitive Customer Demand(Springer Nature, 2023) Raju, S.; Rofin, T.M.; Saraf, S.Internet facilities helped retailers to sell through online channels, and as a result, e-tailers rose into prominence and started competing with retailers. But, the e-commerce industry always confronted the issue of lead delivery time, hindering the growth of many e-tailers. We observed scant literature that studies the impact of delivery lead time on a dual-channel supply chain consisting of retailer and e-tailer. This research paper uses game theory to verify the impact of delivery lead time on pricing decisions of a heterogeneous dual-channel supply chain consisting of the manufacturer, retailer, and e-tailer. We used the Stackelberg game to study the manufacturer’s and downstream partners’ interaction: retailers and e-tailers. A horizontal Nash game was used to model the interaction between the downstream partners. We had analytically modeled how the lead delivery time significantly affects the channel partner’s optimal pricing, sales volume, and profitability. We also did sensitivity analysis to check the influence of the customers’ channel preference coefficient toward a particular channel and its cross-effects on the pricing policies when the customer is also lead time-sensitive. The study revealed that irrespective of large delivery time or next day delivery time, customers’ preference toward a particular channel didn’t affect the manufacturer’s profit, whereas it affected the profit of the retailer and e-tailer. On the other hand, the increase in lead time-sensitivity coefficient severely affected the profit of all the supply chain partners. By analyzing the pricing decisions, we found that both the customer preference and lead time-sensitivity coefficients affected the pricing decisions, but customers’ channel preference coefficient failed to mitigate the effect of lead delivery time. The inputs from this study can be used by practicing managers to develop decision support systems and as an input in multi-agent systems for converting lead time-sensitive supply chains to robust and resilient ones. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023.Item A game theoretic approach to a self managing MOOC based distributed system(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2014) Sharath, N.; Parikh, S.S.; Chandrasekaran, K.The need to introduce an e learning platform in a campus such as ours is significant. In order to cater to the needs of nearly 7000 active users within the campus, a distributed system that is formulated. This system is required to to be as efficient as possible. This paper gives a topology for the system that is required and introduces self-managing properties that will add to the increased performance of the system in terms of speed, accuracy and security. With the aid of software agents continuously monitoring the progress of the entities in the system, we are able to introduce several self managing properties that govern the performance of the system as a whole. The software agents are modeled to be rational thinkers since every entity has a motive of performing its best. A game is simulated between two non cooperative agents as a case study and it is shown that the decision to move towards Nash Equilibrium serves better than any other random strategy. © 2014 IEEE.Item Extended game theoretic dirichlet based collaborative intrusion detection systems(Springer Verlag service@springer.de, 2016) Paul, S.; Makkar, T.; Chandrasekaran, K.Security has always been one of the key issues of any man-made system, this paved the way for a submodule or application or a device to monitor or system for malicious activities. This system or submodule or device is known as Intrusion Detection System (IDS). As technology evolves so does the associated threats and thus the intrusion detection system needs to evolve. Game theory throws in a different perspective which have not been looked upon much. Game theory provides a way of mathematically formalizing the decision making process of policy establishment and execution. Notion of game theory can be used in intrusion detection system in assisting in defining and reconfiguring security policies given the severity of attacks dynamically. We are trying to formulate a robust model for the theoretical limits of a game theoretic approach to IDS. The most important flaw of game theory is that it assumes the adversary’s rationality and doesn’t take into consideration multiple simultaneous attacks. Therefore, a collaborative trust and Dirichlet distribution based robust game theoretic approach is proposed which will try to resolve this issue. Reinforced learning approaches using Markov Decision Process will be utilized to make it robust to multiple simultaneous attacks. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016.Item Enhanced Last-Touch Interaction Attribution Model in Online Advertising(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Yuvaraj, C.B.; Chandavarkar, B.R.; Kumar, V.S.; Sandeep, B.S.The increased popularity of an internet opened a new way for e-business in terms of digital advertisement. In order to get back and improve the "return of investment", how to allocate the revenue distribution to different marketing channels comes out to be the key problem in digital advertising. However, last interaction model, first interaction model, last click, last ad words' click, linear attribution, time-decay attribution, position based attribution models are some of the attribution models developed to attribute and assign contribution to each marketing channel. These existing models consider the contributions of the other channels and some don't consider the synergistic effects in revenue calculation from different marketing channels. This paper proposes Enhanced Last Touch Interaction (ELTI) model to allocate the revenue distribution to different marketing channels using game theory and synergistic effects. Additionally, the paper also implements and adopts the probabilistic approaches to prevent the simple intuitions made by many other attribution models. Prediction accuracy of above 75% of the ELTI model out performance the state-of-the art models. © 2018 IEEE.Item Survey on Game Theory-Based Security Framework for IoT(Springer, 2023) Joshi, P.; Kamediya, S.; Kumar, R.; Chandavarkar, B.R.The large network of smart devices and the complexity of networks have made it almost impossible to make the data and communication between devices more secure. The number of cyber-attacks on these IoT devices has been steadily increasing. So here a survey on game theory model is presented, and the attackers are rational human beings, so they try to harm the system to their best of ability and so their moves can be predicted which can be used by the defenders with some game theory concepts to take proper security decisions and make an efficient security framework. This chapter is a survey on game theory-based security frameworks and explores and evaluates different types of threats, security requirements and constraints related to IoT, how Game Theory can be used in field of IoT, along with the game theory models used is to develop security frameworks for IoT. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item 'Watch and Buy' and its impact on online retailers and manufacturer: A Stackelberg and Nash game analysis(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Raju, S.; Rofin, T.M.; Kumar, S.P.; Islam, S.M.N.'Watch and Buy' or live stream (LS) selling is a novel selling method where an influencer will showcase the product through an LS channel or social media; the consumer can interact with the influencer and buy the product online. Our study, for the first time, analyses the pricing decisions of an LS channel when they competes with the traditional online retailer (OR). We also analysed the impact of LS on OR and the product manufacturer (PM). Later, we examined the effect of conversion rate and revenue sharing contract on the supply chain partners' profit. This study's findings can act as a starting point for the analytical studies in LS selling and can aid the management practitioners of LS, OR and PM to optimise their profit. © 2023 IEEE.Item Applications of computer in mining industry with special regard to shovel-dumper productivity(2007) Mangalpady, M.; Murthy, Ch.S.N.; Pai, R.; Nand, R.Now-a-days computer is used in every field of engineering, including mining industry, at various stages in various capacities. One of the major problems in surface mining is material handling, which involves transportation of both ore and overburden. Most of the projects make use of shoveldumper system in spite of its huge capital investment and recurring costs. Hence a lot of mind and time has to be devoted before its procurement so as to optimize their number and maximize its utility. This paper addresses various optimization models available for productivity analysis of shovel-dumper fleet. Match factor method is one of the commonly used techniques to know the relative coverage which shovels are getting from truck fleet. Operations research techniques like queuing theory, integer programming, simulation and goal programming consider the probabilistic nature associated with the system. Even though many models are available for optimization and analyzing the productivity of shovel dumper system, further research and study is needed to devise a desirable technique for the same.Item Dynamic pricing of call rates: Bayesian approach(Elsevier B.V., 2015) Dugar, C.; Jain, A.; Rajawat, A.; Bhattacharya, S.In this paper, we present different cases and their possible solutions in the telecommunications market by incorporating dynamically changing call rates over the channel depending upon the network congestion. Since dynamic pricing of call rates is beneficial from both the perspectives of subscribers and service providers, our solution can significantly help to adapt this pricing mechanism in real market scenario. In order to deploy this scheme, we have incorporated the competing network provider's strategy into the mechanism of deciding dynamic price. Establishment of Nash equilibrium with the competing network provider has stabilized our pricing mechanism. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Equilibrium analysis of dual-channel supply chain under retailer's greening cost information asymmetry(IGI Global journaleditor@igi-global.com, 2020) Rofin, T.M.; Mahanty, B.The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of information asymmetry of retailer's greening cost on the performance of both the manufacturer and the retailer. The study considers a dual-channel supply chain comprising of a manufacturer and a retailer committed to green operations. The authors have employed sequential game theoretic model to derive the closed form expressions corresponding to the two cases under consideration, that is: (1) complete information and (2) asymmetric information. They have found that the sharing of greening cost information by the retailer can make both the manufacturer and the retailer better off in terms of profit. They have also found that the greening cost information sharing is all the more important when the greening cost efficiency is weak. The study helps retail managers to make a decision on whether to conceal or reveal the greening cost information with the upstream manufacturer. © 2020 IGI Global.Item Impact of wholesale price discrimination by the manufacturer on the profit of supply chain members(Emerald Group Holdings Ltd., 2022) Tm, R.; Mahanty, B.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of wholesale price discrimination by a manufacturer in a retailer–e-tailer dual-channel supply chain for different product categories based on their online channel preference. Design/methodology/approach: This paper considers a dual-channel supply chain comprising of a retailer and an e-tailer engaged in competition. Game-theoretic models are developed to model the competition between the retailer and e-tailer and to derive their optimal price, optimal order quantity and optimal profit under (1) equal wholesale price strategy and (2) discriminatory wholesale price strategy. Further, a numerical example was employed to quantify the results and to capture the variation with respect to online channel preference of the product. Findings: It is beneficial for the manufacturer to adopt a discriminatory wholesale price strategy for products having both high online channel preference and low online channel preference. However, equal wholesale price strategy is beneficial for the e-tailer and the retailer in the case of products having high online channel preference and in the case of products having low online channel preference, respectively. Practical implications: The study helps the manufacturers to maximize their profit by adopting the right wholesale price strategy considering the online channel preference of the product when the manufacturers are supplying to heterogeneous retailers. Originality/value: There is scant literature on the wholesale price strategy of the manufacturer considering the heterogeneous downstream retailers. This paper contributes the literature by bridging this gap. In addition, the study establishes a link between the wholesale price strategy and online channel preference of the product. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.