Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Sustainable building management by using alternative materials and techniques(Springer, 2019) Thanu, H.P.; Kanya Kumari, H.G.; C, C.Nowadays house construction is the basic need all over the world. Since the conventional building materials are causing degradation of the environment and also inadequate, it must be replaced by alternative building materials which are environment friendly or efficient. The mining of popular fine aggregates and quarrying of coarse aggregate results in depletion of hard rock and environmental imbalance. In view of this, there is need for developing alternative material. In most industrialized countries, the building sector accounts about one-third of total energy consumption. In order to ease this problem radical improvement is employed in building energy efficiency management. The framework design is in such a way so that it can balance between the issues such as environmental, economic and social issues. This is achieved by altering the construction method and materials used for any conventional building. The objective is to promote alternative materials to housing in such a way, that if compared with conventional materials it should prove to be an ideal alternative. Using alternative building materials save manufacturing cost, transportation, energy, time and these materials have high potential in replacing the conventional materials without compromising the strength and durability. Use of alternative technology is advantageous as it uses the locally accessible raw materials, waste products obtained from industry, etc. In this study, we have considered conventional building materials with alternative building materials by taking a residential project of 2340 SFT (including ground and first floor) and an industrial project of 3100 SFT. The cost reduction is found to be 20.17 and 18.19% in residential building and industrial building respectively hence ensuring that they are cost-effective and energy-efficient. Similarly, the reduction in embodied energy consumption is found to be 38.72% in residential and 17.78% in industrial building which shows that the utilization of alternative materials in construction ensures the building as eco-friendly. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item SGR: Secure geographical routing in Wireless Sensor Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2015) Lata, B.T.; Tejaswi, V.; Shaila, K.; Raghavendra, M.; Venugopal, K.R.; Iyengar, S.S.; Patnaik, L.M.Geographical Routing Technique is a new trend in Wireless Sensor Networks in which the sensor nodes are enabled using Global Positioning Systems(GPS). This helps to easily detect the position of their neighboring nodes. The power consumption is more in the existing routing algorithms, since the nodes build the routing tables and the neighboring node IDs are determined by searching the routing table. In this paper, we have proposed Secure Geographical Routing (SGR) algorithm in which the data traffic and energy consumption is minimized using single copy data transfer. In SGR, initially one copy is transmitted to the next node using greedy approach and another copy is preserved in the sending station. If acknowledgment is not received even after timeout then the second copy is transmitted. This dynamic single copy scheme reduces the data traffic in Wireless Sensor Networks. Security algorithms are incorporated in every sensor node to prevent any malicious node attack that disturb the normal functioning of the network. Simulation result shows that the performance of the proposed algorithm is better in terms of packet delivery probability and energy consumption in comparison with existing algorithms. © 2014 IEEE.Item Performance analysis of energy efficient modulation and coding schemes for wireless sensor networks(2013) Shivaprakasha, K.S.; Kulkarni, M.; Patkar, R.Sensor nodes of a typical wireless sensor network (WSN) are battery driven, so energy conservation is a critical factor for node's life time. Thus optimisation of energy consumption is a major objective in the area of WSNs. One such method is asymmetric communication which uses different channel codes and modulation schemes for downlink (base station (BS) to node link) and uplink (node to BS link). In this paper, a performance analysis of different channel code-modulation pair for energy efficient asymmetric communication is carried out followed by the field programmable gate array implementation of channel codes required at the node. The per information bit node energy for the uplink has been calculated for efficient channel code-modulation pair, for three different channels, viz. additive white gaussian noise, Rayleigh flat-fading and log-normal shadowing channels, resulting in reduction in energy consumption at sensor nodes. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Item Utilisation of mine waste in the construction industry - A Critical Review(CAFET INNOVA Technical Society 1-2-18/103, Mohini Mansion, Gagan Mahal Road, Domalguda, Hyderabad 500029, 2016) Shreekant, R.L.; Mangalpady, M.; Vardhan, H.The exploitation of mineral resources would promote the development of economy and society, but it will also generate massive waste/tailings that may pollute the environment significantly (in the form of spreading of waste in and around the mines, siltation of soil/slimes in nearby water bodies, air pollution etc.) Therefore, developing comprehensive utilization of waste fines/tailings in large scale is the need of the day in order to improve the surroundings and for sustainable development of resources. Manufacturing of non-fired bricks is one of the options for utilization of waste generated in mines along with reduction of CO2 emission. If the waste material is improperly dumped in mine site, the flow of material during rainy season may reduce the fertility of nearby agricultural land. Hence, waste utilization plays a vital role in natural resource conservation. Further, building blocks/bricks from mine waste is eco-friendly as it utilizes waste and reduces air, land and water pollution. It is energy efficient and also cost effective as reported by various investigators in the past. Hence, it is very much necessary to find alternative for making use of iron ore waste material (fines)/tailings as an aggregate in construction materials like bricks or paving blocks. This paper provides a critical review of the utilization of mine waste for brick making in the construction industry. © 2016 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Range adjustable hybrid multi path routing algorithm for WSNs(Inderscience Publishers, 2017) Nishant, J.D.; Kulkarni, M.; Shivaprakasha, K.S.Node disjoint multipath routing is an effectiveway to achieve reliability and load balancing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, an attempt has been made in proposing a novel node disjoint multipath routing algorithm, the range adjustable hybrid multipath (RAHM). RAHM uses hybrid routing approach. The centralised node disjoint path selection is based on the objective of minimising the end to end communication drain on each path. The localised distributed route reconfiguration initiates on the node failure events and the route re-establishment is based on the objective of residual energy of the nodes. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated through simulations and compared with collection tree protocol (CTP) and multipath ring routing protocol. RAHM performs around 36% and 76% better in terms of network lifetime parameter compared to CTP and multipath ring routing protocol respectively. © 2017 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Ranking and comparison of draw solutes in a forward osmosis process(Techno Press technop2@chollian.net, 2017) Girijan, G.; Thalla, A.K.Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging technology which can possibly make the desalination process more cost and energy efficient. One of the major factors impeding its growth is the lack of an appropriate draw solute. The present study deals with the identification of potential draw solutes, and rank them. The comparison was carried out among ten draw solutes on the basis of four main parameters namely; water flux, reverse salt diffusion, flux recovery and cost. Each draw solute was given three 24 hour runs; corresponding to three different concentrations; and their flux and reverse salt diffusion values were calculated. A fresh membrane was used every time except for the fourth time which was the flux recovery experiment conducted for the lowest concentration and the change of flux and reverse salt diffusion values from the initial run was noted. The organic solutes inspected were urea and tartaric acid which showed appreciable values in other parameters viz. reverse salt diffusion, flux recovery and cost although they generated a lower flux. They ranked 5th and 8th respectively. All the experimented draw solutes were ranked based on their values corresponding to each of the four main parameters chosen for comparison and Ammonium sulfate was found to be the best draw solute. © 2017 Techno-Press, Ltd.Item Energy-efficient and reliable data collection in wireless sensor networks(Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences Talapapa Bulvary no. 102 Hamammonu 1 06230, 2018) Puneeth, D.; Joshi, N.; Atrey, P.K.; Kulkarni, M.Ensuring energy efficiency, data reliability, and security is important in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A combination of variants from the cryptographic secret sharing technique and the disjoint multipath routing scheme is an effective strategy to address these requirements. Although Shamir's secret sharing (SSS) provides the desired reliability and information-theoretic security, it is not energy efficient. Alternatively, Shamir's ramp secret sharing (SRSS) provides energy efficiency and data reliability, but is only computationally secure. We argue that both these approaches may suffer from a compromised node (CN) attack when a minimum number of nodes is compromised. Hence, we propose a new scheme that is energy efficient, provides data reliability, and is secure against CN attacks. The core idea of our scheme is to combine SRSS and a round-reduced AES cipher, which we call "split hop AES (SHAES)". Both the simulation results and the theoretical analysis are employed to validate the near-sink CN attack, and a secure reliable scheme using SHAES is proposed. © 2018 TÜBITAK.Item 14.5 fJ/conversion-step 9-bit 100-kS/s nonbinary weighted dual capacitor array based area and energy efficient SAR ADC in 90 nm CMOS(Institution of Engineering and Technology journals@theiet.org, 2018) Narasimaiah, J.D.; Bhat, M.S.In this work, design technique and analysis of low-energy consumption successive approximation register (SAR) analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented. A dual capacitor array (CA) generates a digital-to-analogue reference voltage with increased accuracy. The CA supports multiple parallel operations to enhance conversion speed. Unit sized capacitors in CAs are few in number and present good capacitance density, thereby providing area efficiency and ease of routeing. A 9-bit SAR ADC using the proposed dual CA, implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process, has a small core area footprint of 0.00371 mm2. At a 1 V supply and 100 kS/s, the ADC achieves a signal-to-noise and distortion ratio of 53.55 dB and consumes 0.47 ?W, resulting in a figure-of-merit of 14.5 fJ/conversion step. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2018.Item Multi-Objective Energy Efficient Virtual Machines Allocation at the Cloud Data Center(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2019) Sharma, N.K.; Guddeti, R.M.R.Due to the growing demand of cloud services, allocation of energy efficient resources (CPU, memory, storage, etc.) and resources utilization are the major challenging issues of a large cloud data center. In this paper, we propose an Euclidean distance based multi-objective resources allocation in the form of virtual machines (VMs) and designed the VM migration policy at the data center. Further the allocation of VMs to Physical Machines (PMs) is carried out by our proposed hybrid approach of Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) referred to as HGAPSO. The proposed HGAPSO based resources allocation and VMs migration not only saves the energy consumption and minimizes the wastage of resources but also avoids SLA violation at the cloud data center. To check the performance of the proposed HGAPSO algorithm and VMs migration technique in the form of energy consumption, resources utilization and SLA violation, we performed the extended amount of experiment in both heterogeneous and homogeneous data center environments. To check the performance of proposed HGAPSO with VM migration, we compared our proposed work with branch-and-bound based exact algorithm. The experimental results show the superiority of HGAPSO and VMs migration technique over exact algorithm in terms of energy efficiency, optimal resources utilization, and SLA violation. © 2019 IEEE.Item Ultra-low voltage, power efficient continuoustime filters in 180 nm CMOS technology(Institution of Engineering and Technology kvukmirovic@theiet.org, 2019) Rekha, S.; Vasantha, V.M.; Laxminidhi, T.The authors propose circuit techniques to implement integrated continuous-time filters for low voltage and low power applications. A fourth order Gm-C filter and a fifth order active-RC Chebyshev filter are used as test vehicles to validate the ideas. Basic building blocks are bulk driven transconductors. Gm-C filter and active-RC filter offer bandwidth of 1 MHz and 750 kHz, respectively while exhibiting a good figure of merit thus ensuring that the designs are energy efficient. Both the filters, fabricated on the same chip in 180 nm CMOS technology, operate on 0.5 V power supply. They offer a dynamic range of 45 and 46.6 dB, respectively. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2019.