Faculty Publications

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Publications by NITK Faculty

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    Radiations from double notched square patch antenna on FR4 substrate
    (2008) Bhardwaj, D.; Bhatnagar, D.; Sancheti, S.; Soni, B.
    This paper presents the radiation performance of a square patch antenna having two triangular notches on opposite edges designed on glass epoxy FR4 substrate and its performance is compared with a simple square patch antenna without any notch. The simulated results for this antenna are obtained by varying notch angle and compared with the measured results. The results indicate that square patch antenna with both notch angles equal to 168o resonates not only at two different frequencies but also offers a much higher bandwidth in comparison to a normal square patch (without notches). Both these resonance frequencies lie in the median band (3.25 to 3.85 GHz) allotted by IEEE 802.16 working group for WiMAX systems. The performance of antenna is optimized considering different conditions to obtain an antenna with dual band and high bandwidth performance. The radiation patterns, gain and radiation efficiency of antenna are also determined. © 2008 SBMO/SBMag.
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    A tri-band slot antenna loaded with split ring resonators
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc. P.O.Box 18667 Newark NJ 07191-8667, 2017) Paul, P.M.; Kandasamy, K.; Sharawi, M.S.
    A compact tri-band slot antenna with independent tuning capability of its resonant frequencies is proposed in this article. A microstrip line fed square slot is loaded with split ring resonators (SRR) to obtain multiband characteristics. The slot is designed to resonate at 2.6 GHz. Two SRRs with single and multiple splits are loaded with the slot, which provide additional resonances at 4.3 and 4.7 GHz, respectively. Parametric analysis of the antenna shows that its resonance frequencies are controlled independently. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a size of 60 × 60 × 1.56 mm2. The proposed design offers stable omnidirectional patterns and >3.8 dBi at all the resonating frequency bands. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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    Mitigation of mutual coupling in 2 X 2 dual slant polarized MIMO antennas using periodic array of SRRs loaded with transmission line for LTE band 40
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020) Bellary, A.; Kandasamy, K.; Rao, P.H.
    2 X 2 dual slant polarized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas with reduced mutual coupling is presented for polarization and spatial diversity. The design of printed periodic array of split ring resonators (SRRs) loaded with horizontal strip transmission line is proposed to mitigate the mutual coupling among the MIMO antenna elements. An equivalent circuit model, characterizes the effect of coupling between the array of SRRs and the loaded transmission line, which together reduces the near field coupling between the adjacent antenna elements. The additional horizontal strip at the bottom is utilized to seek the return current path to the ground plane. Polarization and spatial diversity is achieved by utilizing dual slant 450 polarized antenna elements with eight independent channels. All four dual polarized antenna elements are designed to operate with a VSWR of <2 for (2.3-2.4 GHz) Band 40. Dual slant 450 polarization is achieved by utilizing two printed planar bow-tie antennas in orthogonal orientation. Measured and simulated results shows by incorporating periodic array of SRRs loaded with transmission line a considerable mutual coupling reduction of 25 to 50 dB is achieved in E-plane, H-plane, and D-plane over the required band 40. An isolation of 30 dB and an average gain of 7.5 dB is measured for dual slant 450 polarized antenna elements. MIMO performance metrics in terms of envelope correlation coefficient and diversity gain are also investigated. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
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    Analysis of Wave Propagation Models with Radio Network Planning Using Dual Polarized MIMO Antenna for 5G Base Station Applications
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Bellary, A.; Kandasamy, K.; Rao, P.H.
    Dual polarized printed multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for Band 42 (3.4 - 3.6 GHz) with wave propagation models is presented. Polarization and spatial diversity are achieved by utilizing two printed bow-tie antennas in orthogonal orientation. The designed dual polarized antenna element with $2\times 2$ , $4\times 4$ and $8\times 8$ massive MIMO antenna configuration radiation patterns are deployed in selected geographical situation for detailed radio network planning using FEKO-WinProp platform. Knife edge diffraction, extended walfisch-ikegami and dominant path wave propagation models are implemented with designed MIMO antenna configurations. Modulation schemes of QPSK and QAM with corresponding data rates and throughput for all propagation models are presented. The signal strength and quality reflecting parameters reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), and signal to noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) are also evaluated for each model. From the simulation results dominant path model provides data rate and throughput of 3.827, 995 MBit/s and 3.577, 930.1 MBit/s for single stream of data in uplink and downlink respectively. The maximum data rate of 1.37 GBits/s is achieved for deployed base stations with $8\times 8$ massive MIMO antenna configuration effectively covering the entire geographical site. © 2013 IEEE.
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    Phase Gradient Metasurface Assisted Wideband Circularly Polarized Monopole Antenna
    (Electromagnetics Academy, 2023) Tharehalli Rajanna, P.K.; Kanadasamy, K.; Meveda, P.
    An asymmetric coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed wideband circularly polarized monopole antenna with a slot structure is proposed in this article. Phase gradient metasurface (PGM) is placed beneath the monopole to improve the gain. Circular polarization (CP) is achieved over wide bandwidth by combining the monopole and slot modes. The asymmetric CPW-fed monopole antenna provides CP at lower frequencies, and slot mode provides CP at higher frequencies. The asymmetric ground plane in the monopole and asymmetric strips in the slot are combined to produce wide axial ratio bandwidth. The proposed design’s detailed construction and operation are discussed with experimental validation. The proposed wideband CP antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 95.46% and axial ratio bandwidth of 67.61%. The peak gain of 5.2 dBic is obtained at 2.35 GHz with 2 dB variation over operating bandwidth. The obtained radiation patterns provide good broadside radiation with better cross-polarization levels than co-polarization. © 2023, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.
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    Dual Frequency Multi-Functional via-Less Leaky Wave Antenna Featuring Enhanced Frequency Sensitivity and Dual Beam Scanning Capability
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Majumder, B.; Vinnakota, S.S.; Goud Rangula, M.; Kandasamy, K.
    In this paper we present a dual band low cross-polarized periodic microstrip leaky wave antenna (LWA) based on the multi mode resonator concept (MMR). The structure is capable of frequency dependent backward dual-beam steering and fast forward beam scanning in the upper and lower operating band, respectively. A gap loaded microstrip line is used as a host transmission line to feed the combination of the periodic patch radiators on the top and the bottom etched slots leading to the generation of the forward and the backward space harmonics. The etched ring slots at the bottom surface of the structure are not only responsible for steering the beam in the backward direction in the bottom hemisphere in its upper band but also adds radiation diversity in the overall radiation mechanism in its two operating bands. The potential use of this antenna resides in its ability to produce in-plane fast forward beam steering suitable for autonomous vehicle navigation systems in its lower band and out-of-plane backward-symmetric dual beam steering in the upper operating bands, suitable for tracking in relay systems. © 2013 IEEE.
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    An ultra-broadband polarization conversion metasurface for enhanced stealth and RCS mitigation in MIMO configurations
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2025) Goud, M.G.; Paul, P.; Majumder, B.; Kandasamy, K.
    A single-layer broadband metasurface for efficient cross-polarization conversion, aiming at improving the stealth performance of a MIMO antenna, is proposed in this work. A low-profile, minimally complex meta-atom and its mirror image are proposed, featuring a diagonal metallic strip and two narrow horizontal edge strips. This configuration achieves more than 90 % polarization conversion efficiency while maintaining an absolute 180-degree phase gradient between the reflected waves of the two meta-atoms. A chessboard metasurface with 10x10 elements, constructed with the proposed meta-atom and mirror image, is integrated with the slot antenna-based MIMO configuration. A slot antenna is orthogonally arranged to form a four-element MIMO configuration, ensuring high isolation exceeding 25 dB between the individual elements. The realized peak gain of this arrangement is 6.95 dBi radiating orthogonally. Monostatic, bistatic, and 3D scattering patterns of a MIMO configuration with and without metasurface are evaluated. Under oblique incidence, the metasurface demonstrates exceptional angular stability, maintaining a minimum RCS reduction of 10 dB for incidence angles up to 60°. The fabricated and optimized prototype exhibits measurement outcomes that closely correspond to the simulation results for normal and oblique incidence scenarios. © 2025 Elsevier GmbH