Faculty Publications

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    Characterization and effect of using Mahua oil biodiesel as fuel in compression ignition engine
    (2009) Kapilan, N.; Ashok Babu, T.P.; Reddy, R.P.
    There is an increasing interest in India, to search for suitable alternative fuels that are environment friendly. This led to the choice of Mahua Oil (MO) as one of the main alternative fuels to diesel. In this investigation, Mahua Oil Biodiesel (MOB) and its blend with diesel were used as fuel in a single cylinder, direct injection and compression ignition engine. The MOB was prepared from MO by transesterification using methanol and potassium hydroxide. The fuel properties of MOB are close to the diesel and confirm to the ASTM standards. From the engine test analysis, it was observed that the MOB, B5 and B20 blend results in lower CO, HC and smoke emissions as compared to diesel. But the B5 and B20 blends results in higher efficiency as compared to MOB. Hence MOB or blends of MOB and diesel (B5 or B20) can be used as a substitute for diesel in diesel engines used in transportation as well as in the agriculture sector. © 2009 Science Press, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, CAS and Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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    Combustion characteristics of diesel engine operating on jatropha oil methyl ester
    (Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.
    Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, karanji oil, etc., are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have reasonable energy content. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in diesel engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has combustion characteristics similar to petroleum diesel. The current paper reports a study carried out to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester and its blend B20 (80% petroleum diesel and 20% jatropha oil methyl ester) and diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injections, water cooled diesel engine. This study gives the comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, smoke opacity, HC, NOx, ignition delay, cylinder peak pressure, and peak heat release rates. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of blend B20 fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel fuel for injection timing of 20° bTDC, 23° bTDC and 26° bTDC at injection opening pressure of 220 bar.
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    Performance and emission characteristics of double cylinder CI engine operated with cardanol bio fuel blends
    (2012) Mallikappa, D.N.; Reddy, R.P.; Murthy, C.S.N.
    India imports more than seventy percent of the oil it uses and is looking for alternative fuel to reduce its dependence on imports. In India, bio fuels derived from non-edible oils is considered as a renewable alternative to the fossil diesel. The cost of the biodiesel is higher than diesel and hence in this work, cardanol was used as an alternative renewable fuel for the diesel engine. The engine tests were conducted on a double cylinder, direct injection, compression ignition engine. From the engine tests, it is observed that the brake power increases (by 70% approximately) as load increases. Brake specific energy conversion decreases (by 25-30% approximately) with increase in brake power. Brake thermal efficiency increases with higher brake power and emission levels (HC, CO, NOX) were nominal up to 20% blends. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends
    (Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.
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    Performance and emission analysis of a single cylinder CI engine using Simarouba glauca biodiesel
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Bedar, P.; Chitragar, P.R.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Kumar, G.N.
    It is well known fact that diesel engines are commonly used for transportation and power generation due to their high efficiency, low fuel consumption and durability. On contrary these engines churn out harmful and hazardous emissions like particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Recently Bio-origin renewable fuels have taken center stage of discussion because of their ability to replace depleting fossil fuels and capacity to reduce hazardous engine exhausts emissions when used in diesel engines. In the present experimental study Simarouba glauca biodiesel is used in a naturally aspirated four stroke single cylinder air cooled direct injection kirloskar DA10 engine. The main objective is to investigate the effect of biodiesel and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine at 180 bar fuel injection pressure (FIP) with standard injection timing. B20, B40 biodiesel blends with 10, 15 and 20% EGR ratios were used for the study to investigate brake thermal efficiency (BTE), carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC), NOx, and smoke opacity. Reduction in CO, HC and smoke opacity is noticed with simarouba biodiesel fuel while increasing NOx compared to diesel. Application of EGR along with biodiesel resulted in simultaneous reduction of nitrogen oxides and smoke without affecting engine performance. It was found from experiment that B20 blend at 15% EGR shown superior performance characteristics compared to other conditions. © Springer India 2017.
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    Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends
    (American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
    The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.
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    An investigation on CRDi engine characteristic using renewable orange-peel oil
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Bragadeshwaran, B.; Kasianantham, K.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.; Babu, J.M.; Tiwari, A.; Sharma, A.
    Aiming towards discovering a solution for the imminent fossil fuel crisis, the research contributes towards the utilisation of orange peel oil as a potential alternative to mineral diesel while strictly adhering to the emission norms. The study reveals the performance, combustion and emissions characteristics obtained upon operating a 20% by volume of OPO blended with diesel, in a compression ignition engine, integrated with a common rail direct injection (CRDi) system. The fuel injection pressures were varied as 400 bar, 500 bar and 600 bar. Furthermore, two stage injection strategies were employed while varying the pilot charge quantity as 10%, 20% and 30%. Subsequently, 10% EGR was employed for the test with 30% pilot injection quantity upon realising that the respective NOx emissions were the highest for the same. All the results were compared with the test results while utilising diesel at 600 bar injection pressure. For OPO20 the brake thermal efficiency at full load was observed to be 31.37% higher and the brake specific fuel consumption 5.53% lower than that for diesel. In-cylinder pressure values recorded were almost similar to diesel corresponding to brake power. Heat release rate was significantly higher in case of orange peel oil. Additionally, it was found that smoke, unburned hydrocarbons content and carbon monoxide emission decreased by 16.30%, 27.63% and 42.28% respectively in the engine exhaust. Oxides of nitrogen were recorded to be 15.46% higher than that of diesel. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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    Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.
    This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Effect of fuel injection strategies and EGR on biodiesel blend in a CRDI engine
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Bhowmick, P.; Jeevanantham, A.K.; Bragadeshwaran, B.; Kasianantham, K.; Arumuga Perumal, D.A.; Viswanathan, V.; Vora, K.C.; Jain, A.
    Biodiesel appears as a replenishable and sustainable energy source and can be used a direct replacement to petro-diesel without any major transformations in ongoing diesel engines. This work concentrates on production of Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel (CIB) and preparing 10% blend (CIB10) sample to investigate the effects of varying the injection strategies and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) in common-rail direct injection engine. The experimental results shows that 10% of pilot fuel and 90% main injection strategy (B10@P10-M90) is superior among all others injection strategies with respect to pure diesel. B10@P10-M90 fuel injection strategy produces the maximum efficiency of 35.8% and lowest fuel consumption of 0.25 kg/kWh compared to all the injection strategies. The carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are also found to be quite low compared to all the other test samples including pure diesel. However B10@P10-M90 results in higher average oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission which is 18.9% higher in contrast to conventional diesel at full load condition. With the implementation of 10% and 20% EGR with B10@P10-M90, the average NOx emissions decreased by 14.4% and 27.6% respectively compared to B10@P10-M90 without any EGR without significant loss in the performance of the existing diesel engine. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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    Effect of exhaust gas recirculation rate on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol–diesel blends
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2020) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.; Gottekere, K.N.
    Increasing fears of fossil fuel attenuation and tough emission protocols compel the research community to explore alternative renewable fuels for diesel engines. Butanol is desirable among renewable fuels due to its properties favorable to diesel engines. This study focused on the suitability of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and optimum injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common-rail direct-injection (CRDI) engine fueled with n-butanol-blended diesel using experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Various EGR rates and injection timings are considered for different butanol–diesel blends (0, 10, 20 and 30%). Obtained simulation results are validated with experimental data and found to be in good agreement. For all EGR rates and blends, nitrogen oxide (NO) emission is reduced drastically, whereas carbon monoxide (CO) and soot emissions are decreased moderately, with increase in n-butanol–diesel blends. The CO and soot emissions increase with EGR rate due to oxygen deficiency as well. Brake thermal efficiency is reduced by approximately 1% for neat diesel (Bu0) with increase in EGR rates. Soot emission for Bu30 (15 ° Before top dead centre (BTDC) is decreased by 23, 25, 24 and 26% for 0, 10, 20 and 30% EGR rates, respectively, compared to Bu0 (12° BTDC). © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.