Faculty Publications
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Item Climate Change—Present Scenario in Parts of India; Needed Preventive Measures and Role of Earth System Scientists(Springer International Publishing, 2015) Venkat Reddy, D.; Reddy, P.R.It is now evident, from glacier receding in Himalaya, ice melting in Arctic and Green Land, significant fluctuations in day and night temperatures, unprecedented monsoon vagaries that Climate change is a reality and Man needs to take urgent measures to contain its impact and save himself and Fauna-Fauna. The expected sea water rise, due to ice melting of Polar Regions, is bound to affect the long coastal corridors flanking the eastern and western parts of India. Unfortunately, in spite of many warnings by the Nature in the form of unprecedented spells of cloud bursts during non monsoon seasons of 2012 and 2013 no steps have been initiated to safe guard erosion of our coasts that are inhabited by millions of people. Since both the administrative channels and the political mind set are not tuned to take preventive measures it is essential for the earth system scientists to prepare land erosion, land subsidence, saline water ingression details in space and time using remote sensing and GIS techniques.In this exercise the earth scientists and space scientists should evolve strategies that can convincingly produce models showing how the coastal corridor can be affected with varied intensity and magnitude of sea water rise, in time and space. Specific details of the expected ill effects on the coastal segments of Andhra Pradesh and parts of Tamilnadu will be discussed along with proposed remedial measures to strengthen the wind and tide barriers in these areas. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015.Item Introduction to Carbon Capture with Membranes(Elsevier, 2024) Lee, M.D.; Makarem, M.A.; Pragadeesh, K.S.Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an emerging technology that aims to reduce carbon emissions from industrial processes. Carbon capture with membranes is a subfield of CCS that utilizes specialized membranes to selectively separate CO2 from other gases. This technology is considered to be an efficient and cost-effective option for reducing carbon emissions. This article aims to provide an introduction to carbon capture with membranes and the current state of the technology. The different types of membranes used in carbon capture and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The article also explores the potential for scaling up the technology for large-scale deployment. Additionally, the challenges that need to be addressed for the technology to be widely adopted are also discussed. The article concludes with a brief overview of the potential for carbon capture with membranes to play a significant role in achieving global emissions reduction targets. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Item Dynamic land use and coastline changes in active estuarine regions - A study of sundarban delta(International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2014) Thomas, J.V.; Arunachalam, A.; Jaiswal, R.; Diwakar, P.G.; Kiran, B.Alteration of natural environment in the wake of global warming is one of the most serious issues, which is being discussed across the world. Over the last 100 years, global sea level rose by 1.0-2.5 mm/y. Present estimates of future sea-level rise induced by climate change range from 28 to 98 cm for the year 2100. It has been estimated that a 1-m rise in sea-level could displace nearly 7 million people from their homes in India. The climate change and associated sea level rise is proclaimed to be a serious threat especially to the low lying coastal areas. Thus, study of long term effects on an estuarine region not only gives opportunity for identifying the vulnerable areas but also gives a clue to the periods where the sea level rise was significant and verifies climate change impact on sea level rise. Multi-temporal remote sensing data and GIS tools are often used to study the pattern of erosion/ accretion in an area and to predict the future coast lines. The present study has been carried out in the Indian Sundarbans area. Major land cover/ land use classes has been delineated and change analysis of the land cover/ land use feature was performed using multi-temporal satellite images (Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+) from 1973 to 2010. Multivariate GIS based analysis was carried out to depict vulnerability and its trend, spatially. Digital Shoreline change analysis also was attempted for two islands, namely, Ghoramara and Sagar Islands using the past 40 years of satellite data and validated with 2012 Resourcesat-2 LISS III data.Item Climate Change and COVID-19 Metaphors: Environmental Consciousness in Social Media(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Chetty, N.; Alathur, S.The changes in environmental conditions have reportable impacts on the Covid-19 pandemic and vice versa. About these impacts, the people are deliberating metaphorically on climate change and Covid-19. The purpose of the paper is to analyze and identify the people's consciousness about the interrelationship between climate change and Covid-19. The existing literature on climate change and impacts on Covid-19 are reviewed, and inferences have been drawn from the result. Apart from the literature review, the Twitter social media content is analyzed and interpreted. The results have shown that there are noticeable impacts of climate change on Covid-19 and vice-versa. The people are conscious of the relationship between climate change and the Covid-19 pandemic. © 2021 IEEE.Item Climate Change and Water Security—An Introduction(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Natarajan, S.; Mondal, A.; Kolathayar, S.This chapter presents basic concepts related to climate change and water security. Further, the chapter introduces the book volume on Climate Change and Water Security that includes various relevant topics for assessment of water quantity and quality in a changing environment, disaster risk, their possible future prognosis, as well as adaptation and protection measures. The focus is primarily on low-income countries such as India, Ethiopia, and Bangladesh, that may be particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item A Review of the Green Climate Fund and Its Implications on Sustainable Development Goals for Developing Countries(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Datta, K.; Jena, P.R.The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), is a pivotal force in addressing climate change mitigation and adaptation. As climate change worsens into a worldwide disaster, the need to address its consequences gets more urgent. In response, the GCF emerges, as one of the primary climate finance mechanisms, providing a solid platform for mobilizing climate finance and facilitating transformative projects in developing nations to help them address climate-related concerns. Our systematic literature review rigorously examines the GCF’s global impact by delving into its organizational structure, funding mechanisms, and project efficacy. Employing the PRISMA methodology, we meticulously evaluate 39 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus. This review enriches the understanding of the GCF’s central role in global climate finance and sustainability, its contributions, and the challenges it faces. Our analysis reveals that the GCF demonstrates potential in balancing mitigation and adaptation through innovative approaches, including private sector engagement and equitable fund distribution. However, issues persist regarding adaptation finance accessibility for vulnerable states. To enhance effectiveness, we advocate for increased investment in decentralized, community-led solutions aligned with long-term development goals. A probable shortfall in meeting mitigation targets outlined in the Copenhagen Agreements, emphasizing the urgent need for increased financial resources. Diversifying funding sources and improving transparency are crucial for effective climate financing. This study provides vital insights to guide the GCF’s evolution and improve its efficacy in addressing climate change while advancing sustainable development globally. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Economic growth and environmental degradation: How to balance the interests of developed and developing countries(FrancoAngeli nardi@uniroma3.it, 2019) Sadath, A.C.; Rajesh Acharya, R.H.In this paper we present a pragmatic basis for a multilateral cooperation to deal with climate change problem after accounting for the interests of both developed and developing economies. We develop our argument for such a cooperation based on the principle of affordability of developed countries and accessibility of developing countries. Towards this, we have estimated a panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model using data pertaining to groups of countries classified based on region and income from 1960 to 2014. Results show that countries with high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) percapita emit more volume of hazardous Greenhouse Gases (GHG) than their developing counterparts and more importantly, the coefficient of elasticity of emission to the growth rate of GDP is substantially lower for highincome countries. Therefore, we argue that developed countries may lead the world in the climate change mitigation efforts through emission reduction and promotion of efficient use of energy resources. © 2020 FrancoAngeli.Item Uncertainties in predicting impacts of climate change on hydrology in basin scale: a review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH info@springer-sbm.com, 2020) Jose, D.M.; Dwarakish, G.S.The sensitivity of the hydrological system to climate change and the role of hydrological systems in the environment have motivated researchers to study the impacts of climate change on hydrology. Modelling the hydrological impacts of climate change is generally done in various stages and has uncertainty associated with each of them. These include scenario uncertainty in climate scenario selection, model uncertainty in climate simulation by global climatic models (GCMs), uncertainties while downscaling GCMs, biases in downscaled data, erroneous input to the hydrological model, and uncertainty in the structure and parameterisation of the hydrological model. The present paper aims at reviewing the uncertainties involved at each stage of climate change impact assessment of hydrology. In the near future, climate scenario uncertainties would be smaller than those associated with the choice of GCMs. Multi-model ensemble approach takes better account of uncertainties involved with GCMs. Moreover, considering a range of possible climate scenarios is recommended than using a single best or average case climate scenario. GCMs shall be downscaled by statistical or dynamical methods (regional climatic models (RCMs)) before using them for regional studies. Bias correction methods can considerably improve the RCM simulations. Evaluation of model performance is recommended for regional-scale studies for the preparation of adaptation strategies. Taking into account the uncertainties associated with climate impact studies can help formulate effective adaptation strategies. © 2020, Saudi Society for Geosciences.Item Roadmap to a net-zero carbon cement sector: Strategies, innovations and policy imperatives(Academic Press, 2024) Barbhuiya, S.; Das, B.B.; Adak, D.The cement industry plays a significant role in global carbon emissions, underscoring the urgent need for measures to transition it toward a net-zero carbon footprint. This paper presents a detailed plan to this end, examining the current state of the cement sector, its carbon output, and the imperative for emission reduction. It delves into various low-CO2 technologies and emerging innovations such as alkali-activated cements, calcium looping, electrification, and bio-inspired materials. Economic and policy factors, including cost assessments and governmental regulations, are considered alongside challenges and potential solutions. Concluding with future prospects, the paper offers recommendations for policymakers, industry players, and researchers, highlighting the roadmap's critical role in achieving a carbon-neutral cement sector. © 2024 The Author(s)Item A systematic review of performance assessment in canal irrigation systems: Integrating socio-technical, remote sensing, and AI-driven approaches for a climate-resilient future(University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, 2025) Rajaput, M.; Ramadasa, A.; Dodamani, B.M.This systematic review investigates the evolution of performance assessment in canal irrigation systems globally, drawing evidence from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, it synthesized 98 peer-reviewed studies and key organizational reports published between 1990 and 2025, primarily from Scopus and Web of Science. The analysis reveals a clear methodological progression from direct measurements to remote sensing (RS) and agro-hydrological modeling, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) now evidenced as an applied tool in some assessments, not merely a prospect. A critical insight, however, is that despite these technical advancements, persistent underperformance is primarily rooted in deep-seated non-technical (financial, institutional, social) barriers. The current review highlights a significant gap: the absence of a unified framework systematically integrating these technical and socio-institutional dimensions with forward-looking climate resilience. Our primary contribution is a novel, integrated socio-technical assessment framework designed to bridge this divide. Distinct from previous reviews, the proposed framework explicitly combines the methodological triad, comprehensive socio-institutional analysis, quantifiable climate resilience metrics, and mechanisms to ensure social equity in AI-driven management. This adaptable, multi-scale diagnostic tool offers an actionable blueprint, applicable from local canal management to national policy levels, that accounts for diverse regional data limitations. By enabling more effective problem diagnosis and intervention design, the proposed framework provides significant analytical value and actionable lessons for enhancing the productivity, equity, and climate resilience of canal irrigation systems, thereby directly advancing Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 6. © Author(s).