Faculty Publications
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Item Artificial intelligence and machine learning in battery materials and their applications(Elsevier, 2024) Acharya, S.; Viswesh, P.; Sridhar, M.K.; Pathak, A.D.; Sharma, H.; Nazir, A.; Kasbe, A.; Sahu, K.K.The fast-depleting fossil fuels and other environmental impacts necessitate rapid development and deployment of efficient, smart, intelligent, and future-ready energy storage solutions. Gone are the days of only trial-and-error-based research and development protocols that take a long time to mature and yield meaningful results, say, in discovering new structures/functional materials (nano to microstructure) for batteries or the development of new battery systems. As the existing computational power is increasing rapidly, coupled with the rapidly falling cost of computation, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have proved their potential in discovering new battery materials in a short period. This chapter begins with a brief introduction to various AI and ML methods used in the development and deployment of battery material and their applications. Then we focus on the AI and ML methods used in different stages of battery production, from the material selection stage to the manufacturing, state of charge, and state of health prediction, understanding and controlling degrading and aging mechanisms and testing of battery performance, as well as some emerging AI and ML-assisted battery technologies. © 2024 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.Item Battery-ultracapacitor storage devices to mitigate power fluctuations for grid connected PV system(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) Sabhahit, N.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Jhunjhunwala, J.V.; Karthik, R.P.This paper presents a control strategy based on energy storage systems to minimize the output power fluctuations for a PV system. Solar energy is naturally intermittent with stochastic fluctuations, by virtue of which, stability and power quality of grid operation are affected. This makes grid integration of PV system cumbersome. The aim of this study is to develop a control strategy to deliver smoothened power to the grid, using battery and ultracapacitors for a grid connected hybrid system. The fluctuating power is absorbed by a battery and ultracapacitors during erratic solar power variation, thus being able to mitigate the power fluctuations to the grid. Bidirectional converters are used in tandem with a battery and ultracapacitors to ensure active energy flow between the grid and the storage systems. The inverter control strategy is implemented such that it will maintain a constant DC link voltage. The PV power system is controlled to extract maximum power. Dynamic modeling and simulation study are accomplished using MATLAB/Simulink. © 2015 IEEE.Item Performance of wind system with battery-UC in grid connected mode(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2017) Kumar, A.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.In this paper the performance analysis of wind system connected to grid along with battery and Ultracapacitor (UC) is presented. The variation in battery discharge rate for varying wind speed has been shown. The battery-UC combination is used to smooth wind power output and to control battery discharge rate. The control schemes are employed for controlling and operating the wind based power generation system with storage in grid connected mode. The system performance for different wind speeds, load change is given. The charging of battery and ultracapacitor using wind power is presented. The dispatchable ability of wind system with storage is shown in this work. The power sharing between grid and inverter is also shown with simulation results. © 2016 IEEE.Item Frequency Filtering in Ultracapacitor-Battery Energy Storage System in Electric Vehicles(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Raikar, S.B.; Saha, A.; Vittal, K.P.The Energy Storage System (ESS) of an Electric Vehicle (EV) needs to have both high-power density and high-energy density to fulfil the transient power requirement during vehicle accelerating and decelerating and also to have better driving range. Both of these goals can be achieved through the hybridization of energy sources. In this study, a battery and an Ultracapacitor (UC) combination is used to construct a fully-active Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS). The HESS architecture is built using two bidirectional DC-DC converters, each one for the two energy sources, respectively, and a DC bus. HESS is sized using vehicle dynamic modelling considering the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). A rule-based power sharing strategy is employed for the HESS. Further, two frequency filtering-based approaches, namely the Low Pass Filtering (LPF) approach and the Wavelet multilevel Haar Transform, have been developed to control the power flow between the energy sources of HESS and reduce overall battery stress during high transient power demand. For the same driving cycle, different power management strategies are compared in terms of battery status (current, SOC, energy) as well as the UC status (current, energy) followed by battery lifetime extension. The main goal of this study is to investigate the performance of an UC-battery HESS for EVs using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. © 2022 IEEE.Item A Two Switch Multiport Non-Isolated DC-DC Converter for On-Board EV Charging Application(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Vinusha, B.; Kishan, D.; Kalpana, R.This paper proposes multiport DC-DC converter for on-board charger (OBC) EV applications with simultaneous charging of high voltage (HV) battery and low voltage (LV) battery. The evolution of this converter involves replacing the switch found in a conventional step-up converter with a pair of series-connected switches. This arrangement allows for an additional switch node that generates a LV output. the proposed converter has benefits of high voltage gain for HV side, continuous input current, a reduced switching count, regulation of two battery voltages with two switches. Moreover, the inherent shoot-through protection enhances the converter's reliability. The proposed converter exhibits same working principle as that of conventional boost and buck converters. Consequently, the control system methodology remains consistent with that of separate converters, ensuring precise regulation of each output. The working principle, design analysis is discussed. To validate the theoretical analysis, detailed simulation results are presented. © 2024 IEEE.Item Comparative Analysis of Multi-Port DC-DC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Naik, S.; Shetty, L.G.; Jena, D.; Moger, T.To provide an adequate energy infrastructure for electric vehicles. Multi-port converters offer superior design and execution capabilities than single-port converters, making them particularly advantageous for Electric Vehicles(EVs), The non isolated multi-port dc-dc converter(MPC) topologies are employed in regulating the power distribution across various modules, including photovoltaic (PV) systems, fuel cells (FC), batteries, energy storage systems (ESS), and loads. In this paper few topologies, Multiinput Multioutput (MIMO) boost converter, Dualinput Dualoutput (DIDO) converter, Dualinput hybrid step-up converter(DIHDC), and Four-port converter(FPC), are studied. This will give a thorough analysis of each topology and a detailed performance comparison to aid in the complete under-standing of the benefits and downsides. This study compares a number of components, modes of operation, direction of power flow capability, and design aspects. The simulations study are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, and are validated with OPAL-RT. © 2024 IEEE.Item Sodium ion incorporated alumina - A versatile anisotropic ceramic(Elsevier Ltd, 2019) Pujar, P.; Gupta, B.; Sengupta, P.; Gupta, D.; Mandal, S.The present article is a review of crystal structure dependent anisotropic properties of β and β″-phases of sodium ion incorporated alumina. The anisotropy in electrical properties such as ionic conductivity and dielectric permittivity is due to the layered structure. Conducting plane between two consecutive spinel aluminas constituting loosely bound mobile sodium ions, promote ionic conductivity in the parallel direction. In contrary, the restricted movement of ions in the orthogonal direction brings about polarization giving it directional dielectric property. High ionic conductivity of 1.3 S/cm and large dielectric constant of ˜ 200 are reported. Exchanging sodium ions with different cations, such as potassium and lithium, results in similar anisotropy. The processing of β and β″-phases along with metastability of intermediate mullite phase is described in the current review. In addition, the applications of sodium ion incorporated aluminas, such as solid electrolyte in batteries, thin film transistors and gas sensors are discussed. © 2019 Elsevier LtdItem Design and Implementation of Different Drive Topologies for Control of Induction Motor for Electric Vehicle Application(River Publishers, 2022) Husain, M.A.; Rajput, R.; Gupta, M.K.; Tabrez, M.; Ahmad, M.W.; Ilahi Bakhsh, F.I.To improve driving range in Electric vehicles (EV), parallel-series connection of battery cells is a necessity. Supressing the circulating current in the battery board of parallel connected battery strings helps improve the lifespan of the batteries. This study presents a comparison of the requirements of parallel strings of batteries in three different popular topologies for open end winding induction motor (IM) drives in EV. The topologies analyzed are a 3-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), a Dual fed inverter and three single-phase HBridge VSIs. These converters are modulated using Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) as it has better performance compared to Sine PWM. MATLAB-Simulink models are developed for the converter topologies. The simulation results show that the three single-phase inverter topology feeding the drive is the best alternative when compared on the basis of battery requirement and switch loss. Moreover, each H-bridge inverter (in the three single-phase inverter topology) can be used as charger and the problem of circulating current during charging will also be least as compared to other schemes. © 2022 River Publishers.Item A Hybrid Islanding Detection Method Based on Lissajous Pattern Having Robust Performance Under Various Power Quality Scenarios(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Mondal, S.; Gayen, P.K.; Gaonkar, D.N.A fast, accurate, robust, and two-staged islanding detection technique (IDT) is proposed. It is the hybridization of second-order general integrator-frequency locked loop (SOGI-FLL), Lissajous pattern (LP), and active power absorption-cum-reactive power injection via dc-bus connected battery unit-based inverter. The LP is used to identify islanding condition on the basis of frequency variation of fundamental voltage. Here, the measured ac voltage signal is preprocessed by SOGI-FLL to obtain fundamental bus voltage under various power quality scenarios. This assures robust islanding detection by removing uncertainty, and thus, reliability is improved. The uncertainty effects due to the partial shading condition of the PV module (source-side disturbance) and weak grid-connected condition are avoided by dc-bus connected battery storage unit. Thus, it removes above-said limitations of the existing scheme. The LP-based detection within the nondetection zone is expedited due to active and reactive powers variation via controlling of the inverter and charging operation of the dc-bus connected battery unit. During the reactive power injection by solar inverter, active power is absorbed by dc-bus connected battery unit. In effect, an active power output of the inverter is reduced. Here, the reactive power injection at the reduced active power output condition of the inverter accelerates frequency variation allowing rapid islanding detection. The real-time experiments are carried out using Typhoon-HIL tools to compare the proposed method with other works reported in the literature. Improved performances under diversified scenarios are found in the proposed case. © 2007-2012 IEEE.Item Three-Leg DC-DC Converter for Efficient Inductive Power Transfer of Electric Vehicles for Wide-Range Battery Applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Vinod, M.; Kishan, D.; Dastagiri Reddy, B.D.The design of an inductive power transfer system for different electric vehicle (EV) models with widely varied battery pack voltages has been a challenging task. The majority of modern EV models are equipped with 400 or 800 V battery packs. To charge both batteries efficiently, an additional dc-dc converter on the receiver side is employed, which reduces the overall system efficiency and also increases the cost. This letter proposes a reduced switch count novel converter to charge distinct EV models without degrading the efficiency of the system. The proposed converter has two operating modes, a voltage doubler mode to charge an 800 V battery and a current doubler mode to charge a 400 V battery at the same power level. MATLAB/Simulink simulations have been carried out to verify the performance of the three-leg converter for both 400 and 800 V batteries at 7.2 kW. Furthermore, a laboratory prototype of the proposed converter for 500 W has been built using the silicon carbide (SiC) devices, and the results obtained are provided. © 1986-2012 IEEE.