Faculty Publications
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Item Isolation, screening and production studies of uricase producing bacteria from poultry sources(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2014) Nanda, P.; JagadeeshBabu, P.E.Uricase (urate oxidase EC 1.7.3.3) is a therapeutic enzyme that is widely used to catalyze the enzymatic oxidation of uric acid in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout diseases. In this study, three bacterial species capable of producing extracellular uricase were isolated from a poultry source and screened based on the size of the clear zone using a uric acid agar plate. The bacterial species capable of producing uricase with the highest uricolytic activity was identified as Bacillus cereus strain DL3 using a 16SrRNA gene sequencing approach. The time-course study of uricase production was performed and the medium was optimized. Carboxymethylcellulose and asparagine were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources. Maximum uricolytic activity was observed at pH 7.0 with an inducer concentration of 2.0 g/L. Inoculum size of 5% gave maximum uricolytic activity. The maximum uricolytic activity of 15.43 U/mL was achieved at optimized conditions, which is 1.61 times more than the initial activity. Further, enzymatic stability was determined at different pH and temperature. © 2014 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Item Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using copper-resistant Bacillus cereus, a soil isolate(Elsevier Ltd, 2016) Tiwari, M.; Jain, P.; Raghu Chandrashekar, R.; Narayanan, K.; Bhat, K.U.; Udupa, N.; Rao, J.V.Microorganisms are useful systems for the production of biocompatible metal nanoparticles. Copper, an essential element of life, has good therapeutic potential. However, copper lacks suitable form for effective in vivo delivery, which has diminished its applicability. In this study, we produced biosynthesized copper nanoparticles (BCuNps) using a copper-resistant bacterial isolate from copper mine. The organism was able to tolerate >10 mM of copper and when analysed by 16S rRNA technique, showed 100% similarity with Bacillus cereus. BCuNps, produced by this microorganism, in cell-free filtrate, were characterized for surface plasmon resonance (SPR), particle's characteristics, spectroscopic properties and morphology. SPR peaks for BCuNps were recorded between 570–620 and 350–370 nm. BCuNps characteristics, namely particle size distribution, polydispersity index and zeta potential were found to be 11–33 nm, 0.433 and (?) 19.6 mV, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) analyses confirmed the uniform morphology; X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum revealed the crystalline nature; and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum disclosed the presence of protein with BCuNps. A comparative evaluation of BCuNps with copper sulphate to determine their antimicrobial and cell toxicity levels was undertaken. BCuNps showed better antimicrobial effect and found to be safer against normal cell lines, such as HaCat, Vero and hFOB, than the copper sulphate control. © 2016 Elsevier LtdItem Genetic characterization of sulphur and iron oxidizing bacteria in manganese mining area of Balaghat and Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) ijact.editor@gmail.com Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg (Near Pusa Gate) New Delhi 110-012, 2018) Dixit, S.J.; Appu Kuttan, K.K.; Shrivastava, R.M.The aim of present study was to explore microbiology of manganese mining area of Balaghat and Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh, India with the objective of reducing load of mine based pollution to support environmental sustainability with help of bacterial isolates. The research involves physicochemical analysis, culture dependent methods, 16S rDNA based sequencing and computational phylogenetic analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of two iron oxidizing bacteria (Staphylococcus hominis and Pseudomonas sp.) and four sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Bacillus cereus HYM74, B. anthracis, B. cereus D42 and Pantoea calida) in the selected sites. All cultures were able to grow on acidic as well as neutral pH medium and at low temperature of 4oC. Bacterial isolates were also found with heavy metal tolerance for Mn+7 and Cr+6 up to the concentration of 1000 ppm. This study assists the idea of biomineralization, bioremediation and future reclamation in the selected mining area with the help of bacteria. © 2018 National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR).All Rights Reserved.Item Identification and characterization of chitinase producing marine microorganism: Unleashing the potential of chitooligosaccharides for bioethanol synthesis(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Atheena, P.V.; Rajesh, K.M.; Raval, K.; Subbalaxmi, S.; Raval, R.The dwindling supply of the petroleum product and its carbon footprint has initiated search for a sustainable fuel and alternate feed-stocks. One such underexplored feedstock is chitin, a waste derived from sea food processing. The limitation of insolubility and crystallinity inherent in chitin is addressed with the chitin hydrolysates. In the present study, a chitinases producing marine isolate was isolated from the sediments of Arabian Sea from a depth of 20 m. In order to increase the expression of the chitinases, sequential optimisation using one factor at a time and Taguchi experimental designs were employed which resulted in a yield of 13.46 U/mL which was 2.62 fold higher than the initial bioprocess condition values. In a two-step refinery protocol, Candida albicans was evolved towards chitooligosaccharides using chemically synthesized hydrolysates. In a fed –batch fermentation design the Candida yielded a 12.8 % conversion of these commercial chitin oligosaccharides into bioethanol in a run time of 48 h. This is the first report demonstrating the potential of Candida to utilise chitin oligosaccharides for the production of bioethanol. © 2024 The Author(s)Item Long-lasting Bacillus safensis CG1 and Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 based coconut shell biochar spore composites as self-healing additives for bio-mortar production(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Anoop, P.P.; Palanisamy, T.; Gupta, A.; Gopal, M.The major challenge in the production of bio-mortar lies in the effective storage of immobilised bacterial carriers. This study explores the effective storage and use of coconut shell biochar as a carrier for bacterial spores. Bacillus safensis CG1 and Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 were immobilised in biochar and stored at 4 °C and 25 °C for 120 days. The storage at 4 °C showed enhanced viability, and Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy studies revealed the firm adherence of bacterial spores within the biochar pores, attributed to the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Biochar-based spore composites stored at 4 °C were subsequently added as self-healing additives in mortar. Mechanical, self-healing, and microstructural evaluations demonstrated that the biochar with Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 exhibited superior results. Cracks up to 0.888 mm were healed within 56 days, indicating enhanced healing efficiency, as supported by higher ultrasonic pulse velocity and a lower resistivity ratio. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 20-point adsorption-desorption analysis showed that biochar with Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 mix possessed the smallest pore width of 3.086 nm. Additionally, Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analyses confirmed the formation of biogenic calcium carbonate in the healed regions. Overall, the biochar composite with Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 showed significantly improved performance compared to Bacillus safensis CG1 and is recommended as a long-lasting self-healing additive for large-scale construction applications. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.Item Biomedical Ash as a Soil Stabilizer: Immobilizing Toxic Metals Through Biomineralization(Springer, 2025) Kothuri, M.; Devatha, C.P.Biomedical ash is the residual matter from biomedical waste incinerators. Despite its superior characteristics as a construction material, biomedical ash is usually averted as an additive due to the mobility of toxic heavy metals. Arresting heavy metal mobility has gained the interest of scientific communities due to the ever-increasing waste and continuous demand for construction materials. This research investigated the application of modified ash by calcium carbonate biomineralization as a soil stabilizing agent in highly plastic clays. Initially, the nutrient medium for the indigenous Bacillus cereus bacteria was optimized for maximum urease activity. The ability of biomineralization to arrest mercury, chromium, zinc, lead, iron, copper, cadmium, barium, arsenic, titanium, and selenium in biomedical ash by calcium carbonate biomineralization was determined through a leaching test. The characteristics of modified ash were determined by FESEM, XRD, FTIR, and TG analyses. Adding modified ash correlates with the increasing soil strength, suggesting the suitability of calcium carbonate biomineralization in immobilizing toxic heavy metals and simultaneously enhancing soil strength. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2025.Item Coconut shell biochar–Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 based biocomposite as a sustainable additive for cement mortar: Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characterization, strength, hydration, and healing(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Anoop, P.P.; Palanisamy, T.Although biochar–bacteria composites have been explored for self-healing in cementitious materials, the influence of pyrolysis temperature on microbial compatibility and healing performance has been insufficiently investigated. This study addresses this gap by examining how pyrolysis temperature affects the physicochemical properties of coconut shell biochar and its effectiveness as a microbial carrier in mortar. Biochar produced at 300 °C, 400 °C, and 500 °C was characterized, and Bacillus cereus DKBovi-5 was immobilized onto it to form biocomposites. The biocomposites were incorporated into mortar to evaluate mechanical, microstructural, and crack healing performances. Characterization of biochar showed enhanced crystallinity at 500 °C as indicated by XRD, development of primary and secondary pores confirmed by FESEM, and increased micronutrient concentrations due to thermal enrichment observed through ICP-MS. Compressive strength restoration increased from 80.21 % to 91.23 % between 300 °C and 500 °C temperatures. TGA analysis, interpreted using Bhatty's method, indicated an increase in the degree of hydration from 61.65 % to 65.33 %. Rietveld refinement of XRD data revealed a rise in calcite content from 24 % to 51 %. FESEM imaging confirmed the deposition of hydration products within the biochar pores. Healing evaluation showed closure of cracks up to 0.762 mm and 0.920 mm in mortars with 300 °C and 500 °C biocomposites, respectively, corresponding to healed areas of 92.49 % and 100 %. The healed products in all biocomposites were confirmed as calcite through FESEM-EDS and XRD analyses. Optimized pyrolysis at 500 °C yielded a biocomposite with superior microbial healing performance, establishing its suitability as a self-healing admixture in bio-mortar applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.