Faculty Publications
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Item UPM-NoC: Learning based framework to predict performance parameters of mesh architecture in on-chip networks(Springer, 2020) Kumar, A.; Talawar, B.Conventional Bus-based On-Chips are replaced by Packet-switched Network-on-Chip (NoC) as a large number of cores are contained on a single chip. Cycle accurate NoC simulators are essential tools in the earlier stages of design. Simulators which are cycle accurate performs gradually as the architecture size of NoC increases. NoC architectures need to be validated against discrete synthetic traffic patterns. The overall performance of NoC architecture depends on performance parameters like network latency, packet latency, flit latency, and hop count. Hence we propose a Unified Performance Model (UPM) to deliver precise measurements of NoC performance parameters. This framework is modeled using distinct Machine Learning (ML) regression algorithms to predict performance parameters of NoCs considering different synthetic traffic patterns. The UPM framework can be used to analyze the performance parameters of Mesh NoC architecture. Results obtained were compared against the widely used cycle accurate Booksim simulator. Experiments were conducted by varying topology size from 2×2 to 50×50 with different virtual channels, traffic patterns, and injection rates. The framework showed an approximate prediction error of 5% to 6% and overall minimum speedup of 3000× to 3500×. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.Item The potential of nanoparticle additives in biodiesel: A fundamental outset(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2020) Soudagar, M.E.M.; Ghazali, N.-N.; Akram, N.; Al-Rashid, M.A.; Badruddin, I.A.; Khan, H.; Kallannavar, V.; Shahpurkar, K.; Afzal, A.; Farade, R.; Taqui, S.N.; Ukkund, S.J.Biodiesel is an unparalleled alternative fuel source envisioned to encompass the significance of diesel fuel and reduce greenhouse gas emissions because to its locked carbon cycle. However, it increases the nitrogen oxide emission, regular engine parts replacement due to clogging, and is not suitable in cold weather conditions. The addition of nanoparticles (metallic, non-metallic, oxygenated, organic and amalgamation) with diesel-biodiesel emulsion fuels results in an enhancement in the engine performance, thermo-physical properties, enrichment in the heat transfer rate, the equilibrium of the fuel mixtures and drop in the exhaust emissions reliant on the prescription of nanoparticle additives. The review intends to demonstrate the most recent nanoparticle additives used in diesel-biodiesel fuels. © 2020 Author(s).Item DDCVS Logic for Asynchronous Gate-Level Pipelined Circuits(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Girija Sravani, K.; Rao, R.This paper proposes a new way of realizing the data paths for asynchronous domino logic gate-level pipeline styles. This novel approach improves the speed of the pipelines by preserving the latch-less feature of domino pipelines. In this work, the data paths of three asynchronous 16-bit adders based on APCDP, LP2/2, and HC-Hybrid pipelines are constructed using dual-rail domino cascode voltage switch (DDCVS) logic and simulated using cadence toolset in 90 nm technology. The adders based on DDCVS logic have exhibited higher performance and lower energy-delay square product compared to the adders based on domino logic. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Performance Analysis of Hybrid MPI and OpenMP on Smith-Waterman Algorithm(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Ninama, K.; Patel, J.; Girish, K.K.; Reddy, M.R.V.S.R.S.; Bhowmik, B.In the rapidly advancing field of bioinformatics, sequence alignment is a pivotal task for elucidating genetic statistics and evolutionary relationships. As the volume and complexity of biological data continue to grow, it becomes imperative to employ effective computational techniques to manage this expansion. The Smith-Waterman algorithm is a key tool for sequence alignment; however, its performance can be constrained by the substantial size of contemporary datasets. To overcome this limitation, this paper explores a hybrid parallelization strategy that integrates message passing interface (MPI) with open multi-processing (OpenMP). This approach aims to significantly enhance the algorithm's efficiency by leveraging the strengths of both parallelization models. By optimizing the scalability and execution speed of the Smith-Waterman algorithm on advanced high-performance computing (HPC) systems, the hybrid technique not only improves performance but also enables more rapid and accurate biological data analysis. © 2025 IEEE.Item Challenges in Design, Data Placement, Migration and Power-Performance Trade-offs in DRAM-NVM-based Hybrid Memory Systems(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Rai, S.; Talawar, B.DRAM-NVM-based hybrid memory opens up a varied range of power-performance-area operational configurations through page migration between the high-performance DRAM and the reliable NVM. The amalgamation of two technologies requires various modifications for the existing monolithic DRAM-based systems. This paper summarizes the current research work in the areas of data placement and page migration in hybrid memories. The challenges and design solutions from a range of NVMs-PCM, STT-RAM, ReRAM is presented. This paper also identifies several research challenges in these areas. © 2023 IETE.Item A comprehensive review on evaporative cooling systems(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Kapilan, N.; Isloor, A.M.; Karinka, S.The evaporative cooling system (ECS) is one of the cheapest and oldest cooling technologies. The conventional single stage ECS is most widely used in domestic application, particularly in hot and dry regions. However, in this system, the temperature of the air cannot be reduced below the wet bulb temperature of the air. The multistage ECS system helps to overcome this problem. The combination of direct and indirect ECS helps to reduce the temperature of the air below its wet bulb temperature. The further reduction in air temperature may be achieved with the help of the cooling coil driven by vapour compression system. The energy consumed by the ECS is lower as compared to vapour compression refrigeration system. The ECS can be driven with the help of solar power. The conventional cooling pad used in ECS can be replaced with locally available natural fibers to reduce initial cost and to reduce dependence on import of cooling pads. The performance of the ECS can be improved with the help of heat pipe. Various techniques are used to enhance ECS's performance. The performance of the vapour compression refrigeration system can be improved with the help of ECS. This paper discusses basics and types of ECS, methods used to increase the performance of ECS, types of natural fiber cooling pad material, process variables affecting ECS, recent technical advancements, challenges and opportunities. © 2023 The AuthorsItem A laboratory investigation on single row suspended porous pipes was conducted in a two-dimensional regular wave flume to study their hydraulic performance. The effects of porosity, water depth, incident wave steepness and relative wave height on transmission and reflection coefficients were studied. It was found that (a) as incident wave steepness increases transmission coefficient Kt decreases and reflection coefficient Kt increases; (b) water depth has insignificant effect on Kt and Kt for porous pipes; (c) as porosity decreases Kt decreases and Kt increases; and (d) the range of variables studied, as the relative wave height increases Kt increases and Kr decreases.(Performance of single row of suspended porous pipe breakwater) Rao, S.; Rao, N.B.S.; Reddy, Y.V.B.2001Item Long haul, repeaterless, coherent optical multichannel communication systems employing hybrid multiplexing schemes wherein Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) and Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) are combined is analyzed in the presence of performance limiting factors such as Inter Channel Interference (ICI), Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and detector shot noise. Error control coding techniques in the form of rate 1/2 convolutional codes are employed in the system to counter these performance limiting factors. It is seen that the use of error control coding technique can enhance the system performance to such an extent that a Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of less than 10-8 is achievable without crossing the SRS power threshold for as many as 1000 to 1200 channels. Advantages of the hybrid multiplexed system over systems relying solely on WDM or OCDM are also discussed along with the advantages of using error control coding compared to optical amplification in countering the performance degrading factors.(Fachverlag Schiele und Sohn GmbH, Coding to enhance performance of hybrid multiplexed coherent optical communication systems in the presence of ICI and SRS) Kumar, M.S.; Bhat, K.N.H.; Umesh, G.2003Item A multichannel reservation-based channel-access protocol is investigated in this paper. The available system bandwidth is divided into distinct frequency channels. Under the protocol, one channel (the control channel) is used to exchange reservation messages and the remaining channels (the traffic channels) are used for information-bearing traffic. The performance of this scheme is compared to that of a single-channel reservation-based protocol. A simple contention-based slotted-Aloha protocol is also considered. Performance results take into account the effects of multiple-access interference on acquisition and packet errors. Results show that the reservation-based approach is advantageous under conditions of high traffic. In addition, a pacing mechanism that mitigates multiple-access interference and promotes fairness is described, and results are presented that demonstrate its effectiveness.(Baltzer Sci Publ, Unslotted multichannel channel-access protocol for distributed direct-sequence networks) Raghavan, A.R.; Baum, C.W.2004Item Public expenditure effectiveness for biodiversity conservation: Understanding the trends for project tiger in India(Now Publishers Inc, 2020) Nayak, B.P.; Jena, P.R.; Chaudhury, S.Project Tiger, a flagship programme for conservation of the tiger launched in 1973 in India has expanded over the years in terms of its geographical coverage and volume of expenditure. However, the tiger is still an endangered species in India and conservation efforts face multiple challenges like widespread loss of tiger habitat, decline in the density of prey animals, illegal poaching, human-animal conflicts and revenge killing. This study explores the trends and patterns of government expenditure over the years by reviewing the annual plan of operation of different tiger reserves and examines whether the volume or the pattern of expenditure has any relationship with performance, measured by the change in the number of tigers and occupancy in 28 tiger reserves. Analysis of the financial outlay data in the Annual Plan of Operation of the tiger reserves suggest that habitat improvement, which includes relocation, gets the highest share whereas human-animal conflict and eco-development gets the least, though more than 0.5 million households are located in and around the tiger reserves 0.3 million. Allocations are neither proportional to the size of the reserve nor to the tiger population. The relationships between expenditure categories and tiger populations are explored through a negative binomial regression model. Among the expenditure categories, expenditure on habitat improvement, excluding relocation, is found to be negatively related to tiger population whereas all other expenditures like infrastructure, protection, and human-animal conflict are positively related. © 2020 B. P. Nayak and P. R. Jena and S. Chaudhury