Faculty Publications
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Item Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail diesel engine fueled with waste plastic oil-diesel blends(American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) infocentral@asme.org, 2018) Lamani, V.T.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The demand for plastic is eternally growing in urban areas and producing enormous quantity of plastic waste. The management and disposal of plastic waste have become a major concern worldwide. The awareness of waste to energy retrieval is one of the promising modes used for the treatment of the waste plastic. The present investigation evaluates the prospective use of waste plastic oil (WPO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Different blends (WPO0, WPO30, and WPO50) with diesel are prepared on a volume basis and the engine is operated. Experiments are conducted for various injection timings (9 deg, 12 deg, 15 deg, and 18 deg BTDC) and for different exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) at 100 MPa injection pressure. Combustion, performance, and tail pipe emissions of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine are studied. The NOx, CO, and Soot emissions for waste plastic oil-diesel blends are found more than neat diesel. To reduce the NOx, EGR is employed, which results in reduction of NOx considerably, whereas other emissions, i.e., CO and Soot, get increased with increase in EGR rates. Soot for WPO-diesel blends is higher because of aromatic compounds present in plastic oils. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of blends is found to be higher compared to diesel. © 2018 by ASME.Item Effect of bioethanol–diesel blends, exhaust gas recirculation rate and injection timing on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common rail diesel engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2019) Lamani, V.T.; Baliga M, A.U.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.This investigation is focused on the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and injection timing on the performance, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fueled with bioethanol-blended diesel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Simulation is carried out for various EGR rates (0, 10, 20 and 30%), two different injection timings, and two different bioethanol–diesel blends (10 and 20%) at injection pressure. The equivalence ratio is kept constant in all the cases of bioethanol–diesel blends. The results indicate that the mean CO formation and ignition delay increase, whereas mean NO formation and in-cylinder temperature decrease, with increase in the EGR rate. Further, with an increase in percentage of the bioethanol blends, CO and soot formation decrease as compared to neat diesel. A significant increase in in-cylinder pressure (15%) is found at 14° before top dead centre (BTDC) compared to 9° BTDC, which leads to an increase in indicated thermal efficiency of 4% for neat diesel at 30% EGR. In the present study, maximum indicated thermal efficiency is obtained in the case of 10 and 20% bioethanol–diesel blend, and remains constant for all EGR rates considered in the study. Obtained results are validated with the available literature data and indicate good agreement. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Investigation of preheated Dhupa seed oil biodiesel as an alternative fuel on the performance, emission and combustion in a CI engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Kodate, S.V.; Satyanarayana Raju, P.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The present study investigates the suitability of preheated Vateria indica methyl ester (VIME) as an alternative fuel for a diesel engine. VIME is a renewable, non-toxic and sustainable alternative biodiesel obtained from Dhupa fat by transesterification. This study aims to evaluate the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of four different blends such as B0 (0% VIME and 100% mineral diesel), B30, B50 and B100 at elevated fuel inlet temperatures ranging from 35 °C to 95 °C. The tests are carried out in a single cylinder diesel engine at optimum loading condition and fixed speed. Results are obtained in terms of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate and exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOX, CO2 and soot). It is observed that the preheating of blends decreases the viscosity which enhances fuel spray characteristics, leading to higher engine performance, lower CO and HC emissions with a slight increase in NOX and CO2 emissions. BTE and peak in-cylinder pressure for B100 at 95 °C and 75% load are increased by 7.44%, 2.97% respectively compared to unheated B100 biodiesel. BSFC, CO, HC emissions at 75% load for B100 at 95 °C are reduced by 26.73%, 28.08%, 42.7% respectively compared to unheated B100. © 2021 Elsevier LtdItem Extraction and characterization of coffee husk biodiesel and investigation of its effect on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics in a diesel engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Emma, A.F.; Sathyabhama, A.; Yadav, A.K.Biodiesel and its blends with diesel are used in engines to overcome the problems of environmental pollution and fast depletion of conventional fuels. The purpose of this research is to extract oil from coffee husk, convert it into coffee husk oil methyl ester (CHOME) by transesterification, and test the suitability of this biodiesel as an alternate, renewable, sustainable fuel for a diesel engine. The physicochemical characteristics of the developed biodiesel are studied and compared with regular diesel. The results showed that the fundamental properties of the produced fuel are comparable to that of diesel. The performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with CHOME biodiesel are investigated. The experiments are conducted in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at a constant speed by varying the loads (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for different biodiesel-diesel blends (B10, B20, B30, B40, B50, and B80), and the results are compared with the baseline diesel. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the blends, B10, B20, B30, and B50 dropped by 0.6, 0.7, 1.29, and 3%, respectively compared with the neat diesel. Similarly the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) is reduced by 0.1, 0.3, 0.44, and 0.77% for B10, B20, B30, and B50, respectively. Exhaust gas emissions are reduced for all biodiesel-diesel blends. Compared to regular diesel, at full load, CO, HC, and smoke opacity of B30 reduced by 13.2%, 4%, and 12%, respectively. CO2 of B30 at full load is increased by 8.63%. In general, it can be stated that CHOME biodiesel is a promising alternate biodiesel that can be used in an internal combustion engine without major modifications. © 2022 The AuthorsItem EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIODIESEL DERIVED FROM THE COFFEE HUSK AND ITS EFFECT ON DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS(Begell House Inc., 2023) Emma, A.F.; Sathyabhama, A.; Yadav, A.K.This study investigates the suitability of coffee husk (CH) and spent coffee ground (SCG) as the biomass energy source to produce biodiesel. The chemical composition was determined using the field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). The carbon and oxygen concentration in CH was 49.84% and 48.06%, respectively, by weight. The SCG had 67.72% of carbon and 26.18% of oxygen by weight. The oil extracted from CH was converted into biodiesel using the transesterification process. The properties of the biodiesel, such as flashpoint, fire point, viscosity, calorific value, and density, were measured. The engine's performance and emission characteristics were investigated by blending the produced biodiesel with regular diesel. It was found that by using CHOME biodiesel-diesel blends, exhaust gas emissions such as HC, CO, and smoke opacity were considerably reduced, while CO2 and NOx emissions increased. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of the engine was slightly reduced, and brake specific energy consumption (BSFC ) was increased. © 2023 by Begell House, Inc.Item Computational fluid dynamic analysis of the effect of inlet valve closing timing on common rail diesel engines fueled with butanol–diesel blends(Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Lamani, V.T.; Shivaprasad, K.V.; Roy, D.; Yadav, A.K.; Kumar, G.N.The inlet valve closing (IVC) timing plays a crucial role in engine combustion, which impacts engine performance and emissions. This study attempts to measure the potential to use n-butanol (Bu) and its blends with the neat diesel in a common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is carried out to estimate the performance, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics of n-butanol–diesel blends (0%–30% by volume) for variable valve timings. An experimental study is carried out using standard valve timing and blends to validate the CFD model (ESE AVL FIRE). After validation, the CFD model is employed to study the effect of variable valve timings for different n-butanol–diesel blends. Extended coherent flame model-3 zone (ECFM-3Z) is implemented to conduct combustion analysis, and the kappa–zeta–f (k–ζ–f) model is employed for turbulence modeling. The inlet valve closing (IVC) time is varied (advanced and retarded) from standard conditions, and optimized valve timing is obtained. Advancing IVC time leads to lower cylinder pressure during compression due to reduced trapped air mass. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is increased by 4.5%, 6%, and 8% for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30, respectively, compared to Bu0. Based on BTE, optimum injection timings are obtained at 12° before the top dead center (BTDC) for Bu0 and 15° BTDC for Bu10, Bu20, and Bu30. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increase due to complete combustion. Due to IVC timing, further carbon monoxide and soot formation decreased with blends and had an insignificant effect. © © 2024 Lamani, Shivaprasad, Roy, Yadav and Kumar.Item Biomass-derived 5-(tolylmethyl)furfural as a promising diesel additive: preparation, process scale-up, and engine studies(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Yadav, A.K.; Yadav, S.K.; Kumar, G.N.; Madav, V.; Dutta, S.Furanic fuel oxygenates, renewably produced from biomass, have received significant interest in lessening dependence on petroleum-derived liquid fuels and reducing emissions. 5-(Tolylmethyl)furfural (TMF) was prepared by the Friedel-Crafts reaction between cellulose-derived 5-(acetoxymethyl)furfural (AcMF) and petroleum-derived toluene. The process was optimized on various parameters, such as reaction temperature, molar ratio of reagents, catalyst loading, and duration. Anhydrous ZnCl2 was the best catalyst for the reaction, affording a 67% isolated yield of TMF under optimized conditions (120 °C, 4 h). TMF was prepared on a 30 g scale and blended (1-5 vol%) with diesel. The physicochemical properties of the TMF-diesel blended fuel mixtures were studied, and then they were employed as fuel for a direct injection single-cylinder diesel engine. The results show good fuel properties and reduced emissions compared to unblended diesel fuel. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.