Faculty Publications
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Item Can increase in the share of renewable energy in economic growth shift turning point of ekc? Evidence from time-series analysis in India(L and H Scientific Publishing, LLC, 2020) Tanti, P.C.; Srujana, I.S.; Jena, P.R.Global warming has a massive bearing on living being and the country. The primary perpetrator of global warming is Carbon dioxide emission. This pa-per tried to find out the interrelationship between GDP growth and carbon dioxide emissions and the potential of renewable energy use to reduce car-bon dioxide emission on industrial activities in the short and long-run. The interrelationship between GDP growth and CO2 emission has depicted in this paper. Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag of cointegration model was used to show the casual relationship among growth variables and CO2 emis-sion. The long-run and short-run relationship of variables have been ana-lyzed by using time series data from 1971 to 2016. This study basically fo-cuses on the existence of EKC in India. The objectives of this paper are to find out the existence of renewable energy to reduce CO2 emission in India. Positive coefficient of renewable energy in the findings could be due to the lack of data and also due to the limited renewable resources in India during that period and It has been noticed that energy consumption and urban pop-ulation negatively impact air pollution parameters, thus directing towards higher emission standards and emphasizing the need for transforming fossil fuel-based energy profile towards renewable energy. The results on trade openness and renewable energy suggest that India should moderate its levels of energy-intensive trade and focus on a trade involving clean energy tech-nologies, which can be sustained only by increasing endogenous renewable energy capacity. © 2020 L&H Scientific Publishing, LLC.Item Role of institutional factors in climate‐smart technology adoption in agriculture: Evidence from an Eastern Indian state(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Tanti, P.C.; Jena, P.R.; Aryal, J.P.; Rahut, D.B.Climate change threatens rural livelihoods by adversely affecting agricultural production through reduced crop yields, harvest loss, and increased cost of production. Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices have emerged as a possible solution to ensure food security by adapting to climate risks on the one hand, and mitigating GHG emissions from agriculture, on the other hand. However, resource-poor farmers often face both financial and knowledge constraints to adopt CSA practices, and thus, institutional support plays a crucial role in overcoming those barriers. Therefore, this study uses primary data collected from 248 farm households in the Eastern Indian state of Odisha to examine the role of institutional factors in CSA adoption. Almost 95% of the sample farmers experienced the effects of climate change, and many have adopted CSA practices such as rescheduling planting (78%), crop rotation (56%), crop diversification (35%), micro-irrigation (17%), and drought-resistant seeds (16%). Probit models are estimated to explore the key determinants of the adoption of these five major practices. Results show that factors such as government extension service, farmer field school participation, subsidies, access to energy, and perception of climate shocks are the major determinants. Further, the coefficient of interaction between landholding and credit availability on the decision to adopt CSA is positive. Thus, agricultural policies to improve institutional support, such as subsidies on farm machinery, extension support, credit facility, and field demonstration of technologies, are crucial to upscale CSA adoption in the region. © 2022Item Effect of farm machinery adoption on household income and food security: evidence from a nationwide household survey in India(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023) Jena, P.R.; Tanti, P.C.An increase in farm productivity and income is crucially linked to farm mechanization. Labour shortage in rural areas and frequent extreme weather events have made a resounding pitch for the deepening of farm mechanization in India. Our study examines the effect of agricultural machinery adoption on net agricultural income, household income, and household consumption in India; the latter is considered as an indicator of food security. A nationwide household survey of 10253 households drawn from the majority of states of India has been used. To assess the impact of machinery adoption on the outcome variables, the endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is used. Of the three types of machineries investigated, such as tractors, electric pumps, and diesel pumps, the average adoption rates are found to be low in the country, i.e., 8% for tractors, 24% for electric pumps, and 14% for diesel pumps. The wide heterogeneity in terms of adoption is mostly rooted in the large geographical differences among the states of India, as machinery adoption is concentrated in the north and north-central plains of the country. The first stage of ESR, which is a probit model, reveals the determinants of mechanization as access to credit, climatic shocks, access to irrigation, and farmer cooperative membership. The average treatment effect estimates from the second stage outcome regression reveal that the adoption of machineries has increased net agricultural income by 31%, household income by 19%, and food consumption by 5%. Given these demonstrable positive effects of mechanization in agriculture, there is a need for deepening of low-cost scale appropriate farm machines suitable for small holders. Government support would play a pivotal role in this direction by making farm credits accessible to smallholders, providing timely subsidies on machinery purchase, and providing required extension services. © © 2023 Jena and Tanti.Item Perception on climate change, access to extension service and energy sources determining adoption of climate-smart practices: A multivariate approach(Academic Press, 2023) Tanti, P.C.; Jena, P.R.Climate change has an adverse impact on rural livelihoods by increasing vulnerability and reducing crop yields. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices have been advanced as a possible solution to adopt and mitigate climate change issues. Administering a structured questionnaire survey among the 494 rural farming households of an eastern Indian state, namely Odisha, the study explores the key determinants of CSA adoption. Three districts, one from the state's coastal and two from the inland regions, are chosen for the study. The majority of the respondents (85%) perceive an increase in temperature and (76%) perceive a decrease in rainfall due to climate change in the region. The respondents have adopted a range of CSA practices such as rescheduling planting (74.5%), crop rotation (59.3%), crop diversification (31.2%), soil conservation (62.1%), drought-resistant seeds (36%) and agroforestry (10.3%) to adapt to these weather anomalies. The current paper employs a multivariate probit model in which the findings of econometric modelling have been triangulated to explore the key determinants of the adoption of CSA practices. The result shows that the key determinants are – perception of climate change, agricultural extension services, and access to energy for irrigation. © 2023 Elsevier LtdItem Determinants of adoption of climate resilient practices and their impact on yield and household income(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Jena, P.R.; Tanti, P.C.; Maharjan, K.L.Climate change poses a risk to the livelihoods of rural communities by negatively impacting agricultural output and raising production costs. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices have been advanced as a possible solution to adapt to and mitigate climate change issues. This paper examined the main drivers of adoption of two CSA practices such as crop rotation and integrated soil management and their impact on paddy yield and net agricultural income. Household survey data was obtained from the coastal and inland districts of an eastern Indian state, namely, Odisha. Multivariate Probit model was used to identify the determinants of CSA adoption and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method was used to assess the impacts of these adopted CSA practices. The findings from the PSM method show that both paddy crop yield and net agricultural income have been higher for the adopters of crop rotation and integrated soil management. While, adoption of crop rotation resulted in an increase of 42–45% in farm income, the same for integrated soil management was between 27 and 34%. Further, adoption of these practices led to a yield improvement of about 2.5 quintals per acre of paddy crop for the adopters. The major drivers that jointly influenced farmers to adopt these practices were found to be access to extension service, access to credit, subsidies for seed and electricity use in agriculture. In light of these findings, main policy suggestions are – (i) extension staff need to be trained on regular basis on the technical aspects of CSA practices and (ii) more finances for CSA need to be raised and allocated for strengthening extension support, providing timely subsidies to the right beneficiaries and building CSA enabling infrastructure such as watershed projects and micro-irrigation facilities. © 2023 The AuthorsItem Enhancing crop yields and farm income through climate-smart agricultural practices in Eastern India(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Tanti, P.C.; Jena, P.R.; Timilsina, R.R.; Rahut, D.B.Climate-induced increase in temperature and rainfall variability severely threaten the agricultural sector and food security in the Indian state of Odisha. Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices, such as crop rotation and integrated soil management, help farmers adapt to climate risk and contribute to a reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, this paper examines the impact of CSA practices on yield and income in vulnerable semi-arid districts of Odisha—Balangir, Kendrapara, and Mayurbhanj. We use primary survey data from 494 households collected in 2019–2020, using a multi-stage stratified sampling approach and structured questionnaire. Propensity score matching (PSM) and the two-stage least square method (2SLS) have been used to analyze the impact of CSA on income and productivity. Two instrument variables, namely distance to the extension office and percentage of adopters in a village, are used to control self-selection bias and endogeneity in our model. Both models show a positive and significant impact of the adoption of CSA on farmers’ productivity and income. The study sheds light on the significant contribution of CSA practices in fostering sustainable income growth amid environmental challenges. Overall, our results suggest that small and marginal farmers of Eastern India, a highly environmentally vulnerable area, can significantly improve their income and productivity by adopting CSA technology. Hence, policymakers should scale the adoption of CSA technology through effective extension programs. © The Author(s) 2024.