Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item The Need for Unsaturated Soil Mechanics: A Brief Review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Ujwala Shenoy, K.; Babu Narayan, K.S.B.; Sunil, B.M.Soils exhibit seasonal saturation and desiccation, often resulting in varying degrees of moisture content. In practice, soil is seldom fully saturated. When it is completely dry or wet, it behaves as a two-phase system. Otherwise, the moisture content within the interstices of soil vary, leading to partially saturated conditions. Unsaturated soil condition has significant influence on soil behaviour. This paper presents a brief review of the emergence of unsaturated soil mechanics and its applications. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Utilization of Discrete Element Method in Multi-phase Soil Modeling for Soil Slope Stability Analysis(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Ujwala Shenoy, K.U.; Babu Narayan, K.S.B.; Sunil, B.M.Failure of slopes is often hydrodynamic in nature. Most of the failures are due to water infiltration and movement in the matrix of an otherwise dry soil mass. Consideration of multi-phase aspect of soil behavior is appropriate for logical judgments that culminate in appropriate solutions for slope stability problems. The mesh-free Discrete Element Method has been employed for understanding soil behavior. Different particle sizes and packing have been considered for analysis. Force networks, strain deviators, kinetic energy evolution have been extracted and interpreted and their utility in slope failure prediction has been highlighted. Results show that suction has considerable influence on the behavior of soil at the micro-scale. The soil suction manifests in the form of additional cohesion resulting in arresting the deformations due to applied load as evidenced by the obtained strain deviator plots, thereby aiding in the stability of the soil mass. The changes and fluctuations in kinetic energy can be an indicator of system instability. The research helps to adopt a particle-level approach toward real-time monitoring of stability of unsaturated slopes. © 2022, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.Item Improving landfill liner performance with bentonite-slag blend permeated with ammonia for a Municipal solid waste landfill(Academic Press, 2024) Aswathy, A.; Sunil, B.M.Leachate emanating from landfills contains ammonia which may cause serious health effects on living things. An effectively designed clay barrier should not allow the contaminant to infiltrate the soil and groundwater systems. The utilization of certain industrial by-products in engineered landfill barriers, not only reduces the need for conventional liner materials but also helps in sustainable waste management. This study investigated the hydraulic conductivity, unconfined compressive strength, compaction, and adsorption characteristics of lithomargic clay blended with an optimum percentage of bentonite (10%) and granulated blast furnace slag (15%) permeated with ammonia. The results revealed that increasing the content of granulated blast furnace slag decreased the maximum dry density while increasing the optimum moisture content. In comparison to lithomargic clay, the hydraulic conductivity of the amended soil liner permeated with ammonia decreased from a value of 3 × 10−8 m/s to 5 × 10−10 m/s. The unconfined compressive strength of the amended soil specimens showed an increasing trend with curing times (i.e., 0, 14, 28, and 56 days). The batch adsorption results revealed that Freundlich and Langmuir's isotherm fits the equilibrium adsorption data and the adsorption of ammonia on clay liner follows non-linear behaviour. Overall, the experimental results implied that lithomargic clay blended with 10% bentonite and 15% granulated blast furnace slag can be used as an impermeable soil reactive barrier in engineered landfills. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd