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Item A heterogeneous process such as open die extrusion has been done on CP titanium and the extent of heterogeneity has been determined. The pressure for carrying out the process has been calculated theoretically, measured experimentally and calculated indirectly from hardness measurement in the deformation zone. Hardness-stress-train correlation is very useful here. A nomogram has been given so that knowing, ?, ?, ? and hardness, the punch pressure can be read off. It is a steady-reckoner that is very relevant for the shop floor in industry or the laboratory.(Elsevier Science S.A., Hardness-stress-strain correlation in titanium open die extrusion: an alternative to visioplasticity) Srinivasan, K.; Venugopal, P.1999Item Open die extrusion (ODE) has been done on AISI 1020 steel, commercial purity aluminium and commercial purity titanium, in both direct and inverted modes. It was found that inverted extrusion requires lesser forces than direct extrusion. Limit strains are more for the former than for the later as measured experimentally and as calculated theoretically. Theoretical limit strains are lesser than experimental ones in both the case of rods and tubes. ODE is only for shorter components due to unsupported billet and interference from buckling. It is also only for smaller strains due to interference from upsetting of unsupported billet above the die rather than extrusion through the die. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.(Direct and inverted open die extrusion (ODE) of rods and tubes) Srinivasan, K.; Venugopal, P.2004Item Influence of die angle on containerless extrusion of commercially pure titanium tubes(2007) Srinivasan, K.; Venugopal, P.Containerless tube extrusion has been investigated with commerically pure titanium at room temperature and a strain rate of 0.07 s-1 using 20 conical dies of five different strains and four different angles with MoS2 lubricant. Theoretical punch pressures have been calculated using appropriate equations from slab analysis of the process and compared with experimentally determined punch pressures. It is found that there exists an optimum angle at which the punch pressure is the least at a given strain.