Faculty Publications
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Item A Review: Contribution of HEC-HMS Model(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sahu, M.K.; Shwetha, H.R.; Dwarakish, G.S.The rapid increase of population worldwide, urbanization, and industrialization significantly impact hydrologic processes locally and globally. Thus, development planning and managing various water resources are required to meet multiple water demands. However, acquiring gauge discharge data has always been difficult since measurements cannot be taken at every point along the river. Thus, HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System) is the hydrological model that can transform rainfall into a runoff by using known parameters, data, and appropriate mathematical equations to simulate flow records at the desired location. HEC-HMS was developed by the USACE and is freely accessible. It can estimate runoff from rainfall. In this paper, we review the studies carried out by researchers on the HEC-HMS model worldwide to ascertain its ability to simulate runoff with accuracy and use for making decisions. It could be seen that many researchers compared different modelling methods to obtain the best model suitable under different hydrological conditions and found HEC-HMS as a good model over others and recommended it for simulation of runoff. The reviews show that the HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model has many flood modelling and water resource planning and management applications. In most studies, HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff modelling was found to be efficient and dependable in predicting runoff accuracy in various river basins. As a result, the model can simulate runoff in an ungauged basin for water resource planning, development, management, and decision-making. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Streamflow Estimation for Harangi River Basin, Karnataka, India(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Sahu, M.K.; Shwetha, H.R.; Dwarakish, G.S.Millions of people worldwide spend their entire day looking for water because it is so scarce. Therefore, conserving water is crucial, and it is believed that accurate estimation collection of runoffs is the first step to provide solutions to save water. This study used the Hydrologic Engineering Centre—Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) model to simulate the Harangi River basin's reframed rainfall-runoff process (Area = 1703.0421 Km2) located in Kodagu District, Karnataka, India. The rainfall-runoff data were collected from 1995 to 2020 out of which five rainfall-runoff events were selected randomly for the study, three of these were designated for calibration, and the other two remained selected for validation. The Muskingum routing method was employed alongside the Soil Conservation Service—Curve Number (SCS CN) and the Soil Conservation Service Unit Hydrograph (SCS UH) to analyze and determine runoff characteristics. This included estimating runoff volume, peak runoff rate, and conducting flow routing assessments. The evaluation of the model's performance was conducted based on several criteria, including Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and root mean square error (RMSE). The outcomes demonstrated that the model functions effectively during both the validation and calibration phases (NSE = 0.895, R2 = 0.948, RMSE = 346.435 m3/s; NSE = 0.887, R2 = 0.917, RMSE = 131.476 m3/s). Thus, the model can be used to manage different flood events and adopt effective decision and warning systems. Furthermore, other catchments with similar hydrological characteristics can use the created models. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item State-of-the-art hydrological models and application of the HEC-HMS model: a review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Sahu, M.K.; Shwetha, H.R.; Dwarakish, G.S.The hydrologic model is a simplified representation of an existing hydrologic system that helps water resources comprehension, forecasting, and management. Hydrological models are a vital component and essential tool for water resources, environmental planning and management. Urbanization and industrialization significantly impact hydrologic processes locally and globally due to the rapid expansion of population worldwide. Thus, development planning and managing various water resources must meet multiple water demands. However, acquiring gauge discharge data have always been difficult since measurements cannot be taken at every point along the river. Hydrological models are tools, used extensively to simulate many processes of the hydrological cycle. The various ongoing researches are on topics in which the model gives more compatible results with observed discharges. However, it is argued that complex modelling does not provide better results due to soil heterogeneity and climatic changes that play vital roles in streamflow behaviour. Recently, several studies have been conducted to examine the compatibility of model results with streamflow measurements. This paper aims is to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art technology hydrological modelling by briefly discussing different hydrological models and evaluate their application based on Nexus assessment. Furthermore, this paper discussed the different loss methods such as Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN), Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA), Green and Ampt (G.A.), Deficit and constant (D.C.) available in Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS). The literature review suggested that that the HEC-HMS is feasible compared to other models. In additions the review demonstrates that the HEC-HMS performed well for dendritic watershed drainage patterns. This study observed that the SCS-CN method and the SMA method are the most widely methods for event-based and continuous modelling. Compared to other models the D.C. loss approach of the HEC-HMS is the least utilized but found to be straightforward and provide accurate results. This study guides modellers in identifying the type of hydrological models that need to employ to a particular catchment for a specific problem. It also equally helps water resources managers and policymakers by providing them with an executive summary of hydrological studies and sustainable development. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.