Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Shrihari, S.Subject: search.filters.subject.Karnataka

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    Evaluation of water quality index for drinking purposes for river Netravathi, Mangalore, South India
    (2008) Avvannavar, S.M.; Shrihari, S.
    An attempt has been made to develop water quality index (WQI), using six water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biochemical oxygen Demand (BOD), Most Probable Number (MPN), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH measured at eight different stations along the river basin. Rating curves were drawn based on the tolerance limits of inland waters and health point of view. Bhargava WQI method and Harmonic Mean WQI method were used to find overall WQI along the stretch of the river basin. Five point rating scale was used to classify water quality in each of the study areas. It was found that the water quality of Netravathi varied from Excellent to Marginal range by Bhargava WQI method and Excellent to Poor range by Harmonic Mean WQI method. It was observed that the impact of human activity was severe on most of the parameters. The MPN values exceeded the tolerable limits at almost all the stations. It was observed that the main cause of deterioration in water quality was due to the lack of proper sanitation, unprotected river sites and high anthropogenic activities. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2007.
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    Feasibility of gurpur river at Malavoor as a sink for Bajpe town domestic waste disposal - A case study
    (2009) Babu Narayan, K.S.B.; Kumar, J.P.; Yaragal, S.C.; Shrihari, S.
    Mangalore is one of the fast growing cities in Karnataka with improved infrastructure taking place in recent days. In view of rapid development in and around Mangalore city, the sub urban or rural areas around the city have started developing at a rapid rate. One such place is Bajpe where the town is growing very fast due to the expansion of activity of Bajpe Airport and upcoming SEZ projects. An attempt has been made to find out the load on River Gurupur, if the Bajpe town domestic waste is assumed to be disposed to River Gurupur at Malavoor bridge point downstream without any treatment. Experiments were conducted to find the parameters used to find out the dissolved oxygen (DO) consumption and replenishment in teh river body using BOD-DO river quality model developed by Streeter-Phelps (1925). Model formulation, analysis and the results obtained are discussed in the paper. Copyright © Enviromedia.
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    Global water quality indices for river Gurpur, Karnataka State, India
    (2010) Rajagopal, B.; Shrihari, S.; Dwarakish, G.S.
    Three water quality indices viz. Drinking Water Quality Index (DWQI), Health Water Quality Index (HWQI) and Acceptability Water Quality Index (AWQI) were developed by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) under the Global Environment Monitoring System (GEMS)/Water for global comparison of quality of water sources. In this paper these three global water quality indices were determined for River Gurpur, in Karnataka state of India. Gurpur is one of the important west flowing rivers of India and is the source for industrial needs of fast developing Mangalore city. River water samples were collected from Gurpur River at Gurpur Bridge on National Highway -13 near Mangalore monthly from November 2006 to October 2007. The samples were analyzed for sixteen physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters. The global water quality indices determined for river Gurpur can be designated as 'Fair' during the study period. The seasonal variation in global water quality indices ranged from 'Marginal' to 'Excellent'. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.
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    Characterization of spatial variability of vertisol micronutrients by geostatistical techniques in Deccan Plateau of India
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Vinod, V.; Shetty, A.; Shrihari, S.
    In vertisols, accounting for the spatial variability of micronutrients is important for sustainable agriculture. In this study, the assessment of spatial variability maps is carried out by the geostatistical technique in SpaceStat 4.0®. A total of 68 random soil samples were collected from small-scale agricultural lands from Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India. The chemical analysis for iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) was carried out in microwave plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The coefficient of variation (CV) showed different micronutrients variability (CV > 35%). The significant correlation is among Cu with Fe and Mn (r = 0.753 and 0.258, respectively). The Box–Cox transformation converted the raw data to normal distribution efficiently. Spherical semivariogram model defined the spatial structure for all micronutrients. The nugget/sill ratio specifies that the Zn showed strong spatial dependence and rest micronutrients moderate. Ordinary kriging is applied for generating maps. The spatial variability maps exhibited different distribution pattern; maps generated are utilized as initial guidance for site-specific management practices and the amount of fertilizer application rate planned in the vertisols. The obtained range and spatial distribution maps act as the baseline in this region for administration planners. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Predictive simulation of leachate transport in a coastal lateritic aquifer when remediated with reactive barrier of nano iron
    (Elsevier B.V., 2020) Divya, A.; Shrihari, S.; Ramesh, H.
    The current study focuses on determination of extent of groundwater contamination on a typical tropical coastal aquifer due to a landfill located at Vamnjoor in Dakshina Kannada district, India with the help of groundwater flow model, MODFLOW and MT3DMS when remediated with permanent reactive barrier of nano iron. The aquifer considered is a shallow, unconfined one with laterite soil which gets good rains during monsoon and will be dry during rest of the year. The adsorption by laterite soil has been considered. The specific yield and transmissivity were estimated to be 7.85% and 213m2/day respectively. After calibrating successfully with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency 0.8, horizontal hydraulic conductivity was set as 7 m/day. Validation of model was then done with the field data and is applied for forecasting the spread of contaminant for anticipated future scenarios. The results show that in spite of retardation offered by lateritic soil, contaminant trail is expanding with a velocity of 0.15 m/day in downstream direction. When permeable reactive barrier of nano iron which can adsorb nearly 65% of chemical oxygen demand is installed, it is showing that the contaminant spread can be reduced to 400 mg/l at the observation well located at 1 km from landfill. Hence a comprehensive remedial alternative of permanent reactive barrier of nano iron can be recommended for preventing groundwater contamination from landfill leachate. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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    Spatial variability of vertisols nutrients in the Deccan plateau region of north Karnataka, India
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Vinod, V.; Shetty, A.; Shrihari, S.
    The status of soil fertility is a concern, especially in the Deccan plateau vertisols of India. Vertisols are productive if they are managed well. Understanding the spatial variability of soil macronutrients is necessary for agriculture to maintain sustainability. The objective of the present study was to explore the spatial variability of macronutrients [available nitrogen (N), available potassium (K), and available phosphorus (P)], soil pH, and electrical conductivity (EC), in scattered small-size fields of northern Karnataka, India. This region is known as the “pigeon pea vessel” of the state. The sixty-eight random topsoil samples were collected from marginal farms, which are less than two acres in size in the study region. The geostatistical analysis is carried out in SpaceStat 4.0® to find the spatial variability of macronutrients, soil pH, and EC. The coefficient of variation monitors the variation in the nutrients of the soil. The variogram analysis has shown K, soil pH, and EC are best fit to spherical model, N and P for an exponential model. According to the ratio of nugget/sill, it indicates they are moderate spatial dependent, excluding N. Using the best fit model, surface maps are generated using ordinary kriging method. The kriged maps exhibited a heterogeneous pattern of macronutrients because of separate farming methods. The spatial variability maps are used as initial regulation by policymakers for site nutrient management, including fertilization in vertisols. This is essential for sustainable and precise management of the fields, which are aimed at increasing the productivity of the crops; low productivity vertisols must be used in cultivation on a global scale due to current shortage of food supplies and agricultural resources land. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.