Faculty Publications
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Item Influence of cold rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-1.5%Ti alloy(American Institute of Physics Inc. subs@aip.org, 2018) Ramesh, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.; Anne, G.; Gopi, K.R.The effects of cold rolling on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Cu-1.5%Ti alloy were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength of the Cu-1.5%Ti alloy increased with an increase of rolling deformation at room temperature. Significant grain refinement took place during rolling process revealed in optical microstructure and transmission electron microscope analysis. XRD patterns revealed peaks indexed to Cu, Cu3-Ti2 and Cu4-Ti3 after 8-pass rolling process. Microhardness of the rolled Cu-1.5%Ti alloy layers increased incessantly with increase in the number of rolling passes. Tensile strength increased up to 294 MPa which was about 1.54 times higher than that of the cast Cu-1.5%Ti alloy. Fracture surfaces of the rolled Cu-1.5%Ti alloy revealed the dimples in the structure, which is an indication of ductile fracture. © 2018 Author(s).Item Effect of multiaxial cryoforging on microstructure and mechanical properties of a Cu-Ti Alloy(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2019) Ramesh, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.; Gopi, K.R.; Sahu, S.Cu-Ti alloy, processed by multiaxial forging (MAF) at cryogenic temperature with a cumulative strain up to 1.64, was investigated for microstructure and mechanical properties. The deformed microstructures were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The average grain size of 2 ?m was achieved in the deformed sample after 3 cycles of MAF. TEM studies indicated that the shear bands width of the deformed sample after 3 cycles reduced to 1 ?m. Tests for mechanical properties indicated an increase in tensile strength and hardness and it was found to be correlated with an increase in dislocation density and grain boundary strengthening mechanism. Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 390 MPa, 480 MPa, and 590 MPa was observed in MAF processed samples after 1, 2, and 3 cycles, respectively. Hardness increased from 65 Hv (as-received) to 240 Hv after 3 cycles of MAF. Fractography analysis showed that, with an increase in number of MAF cycles, dimple size reduced up to 1 cycle and percentage elongation increased after 2 cycles of MAF. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Influence of Multidirectional Forging on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Behavior of Mg-Zn Alloy(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2019) Ramesh, S.; Anne, G.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.; Sahu, S.; Ramesh, M.R.Multidirectional forging (MDF) was applied to Mg-6%Zn alloy up to 5 passes successfully at 280 °C. MDF-processed materials were characterized using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscope, and x-ray diffraction. Obtained results showed a significant reduction in grain size (up to 3.8 ?m) having a large fraction of high-angle grain boundaries after 5 passes of MDF process. Maximum tensile strength of 230 MPa was achieved for 5-pass MDF-processed Mg-6%Zn alloy which is about ~ 2.0 times higher in comparison with that of homogenized alloy (117 MPa) and was attributed to higher dislocations density and grain refinement. Corrosion behavior of the alloy was investigated in 0.1 M NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization test, electrochemical impedance spectra analysis, and immersion tests. It was found that the corrosion rate of 5-pass MDF sample improved (0.34 mm/year) ~2.5 times in comparison with that of homogenized Mg-6%Zn alloy (0.86 mm/year) due to fine grain structure, which creates more grain boundaries that act as a corrosion barrier. © 2019, ASM International.Item Influence of Multiaxial Cryoforging on Microstructural, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of Copper-Titanium Alloy(Springer, 2019) Ramesh, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.; Sahu, S.; Gopi, K.R.; Shivaram, M.J.; Arya, S.Multiaxial forging (MAF) was used to process Cu-4.5%Ti (wt.%) alloy at cryogenic temperature up to three cycles with a cumulative strain of 1.64. Microstructures, mechanical, and corrosion properties of as-received and deformed samples were analyzed. Microstructural analysis showed that average grain size decreased from 70 µm to 200 nm, and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed the transformation of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) to low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). Variations in intensity of peaks were observed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Microstructural investigation showed elongated grains with shear bands having width ~ 200 nm for 3-cycle sample. Tensile testing and micro-hardness tests showed improvements in ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and micro-hardness, with the increase in MAF cycles. Ultimate tensile strength and hardness increased from 605 MPa and 252 HV (for as-received) to 1284 MPa and 428 HV for three cycles of MAF-processed sample, respectively. Improvement in strength and hardness was attributed to refined grain structure. Corrosion study was carried out for different cycles of MAF-processed samples using potentiodynamic polarization, and corroded surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. © 2019, ASM International.Item Microstructural Study and Mechanical Characterization of ECAP Processed C70600 Alloy(Springer, 2022) Sachin, S.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.Copper–Nickel alloy C70600 was processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), at room temperature, up to 8 passes, to study the mechanical properties and metallurgical behavior Microstructural studies showed grain refinement up to fourth ECAP pass. Microhardness value increased by 45% after 4 ECAP passes. With further increase in ECAP passes, samples attained a saturated state. Similar trend was observed in Ultimate tensile strength with an increase of 54% as compared to homogenized sample and reached a maximum value of 562 MPa. Increase in mechanical property was attributed to strengthening by grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. XRD analysis showed the absence of precipitate in the deformed specimens. © 2022, The Institution of Engineers (India).Item Enhancing mechanical properties of Ti-64 alloy through ECAE: lubricant optimization, microstructural evolution and optimal process parameters(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2025) Castelino, M.R.; Mallikappa, N.; Karinka, S.; Vijayan, V.; Shivananda Nayaka, H.S.; Valder, J.This study explores the application of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) in enhancing the microstructural and mechanical properties of Ti-64 alloy. Finite Element (FE) analysis validates experimental outcomes, revealing a significant reduction in grain size, improved strength, and hardness. Microstructural analysis indicates dynamic recrystallization, transforming larger alpha (?) grains into smaller ones. Tensile testing demonstrates increased yield and ultimate strength in ECAE-treated specimens due to decreased grain size and heightened dislocation density. Lubricant optimization achieves low friction coefficients (0.02 and 0.04), reinforcing ECAE effectiveness. FE simulations and ANOVA analysis identify influential factors, leading to optimal parameter combinations. Isothermal ECAE successfully reduces grain size, resulting in substantial improvements in yield strength, ultimate strength, and hardness. These findings highlight ECAE's efficacy in enhancing the mechanical properties of Ti-64 alloy, with specific applications in biomaterials, particularly dental implants and bone support, as well as aerospace fasteners, where Ti-64 contributes to increased fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and enhanced structural integrity. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature 2024.