Faculty Publications
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Item Bubble dynamics in pool boiling on rough surface under exponential heat supply(Begell House Inc. orders@begellhouse.com, 2018) Walunj, A.; Sathyabhama, A.In this paper, bubble dynamics in the pool boiling of distilled water on the horizontal copper test sample of 20 mm diameter at atmospheric pressure is studied. The experiments are carried under steady and exponential heat supply of γ=1 to rough copper sample with Ra ranging from 0.106 μm to 4.03 μm. The high speed camera of 1000 fps is used to observe the bubble morphology. The effect of surface roughness on boiling heat transfer during transient heat supply is reported. The effect of surface roughness on bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency is studied. The waiting time and growth time of the bubble for different samples is also compared. The effect of steady and exponential heat supply on bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency is also reported. © 2018 Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved.Item Microchannel Geometries and Rough Surfaces for Critical Heat Flux Enhancement in High Pressure Pool Boiling(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Walunj, A.; Sathyabhama, A.This paper presents the performance of pool boiling heat transfer (PBHT) from square, parabolic and stepped microchannel under steady and exponential heat supply. The experiments are conducted at pressure ranging from 1 to 10 bar. The effect of channel profile on transient CHF is presented. The channel top and base width of square microchannel is 0.5 mm. The channel base width of parabolic and stepped microchannel is same as that of square microchannel, however, its channel top width is 0.8 mm. The channel height and number of channels are 0.5 mm and 9, respectively. The scratches are formed unidirectionally on the plain surface to attain surface roughness in the range of Ra = 0.106 to 4.03 µm. The comparison of CHF for surface roughness and microchannel surfaces is also carried to emphasis the effect of structured surfaces. The bubble morphology is studied with the help of 1000 fps high-speed camera. The microchannel geometries enhance the steady and transient CHF at all the operating pressures. However, exponential transient rate has insignificant role in the transient CHF. The forces exert during the bubble growth on the bubble meniscus is considered to determine the bubble departure diameter of the microchannel at all the operating pressures. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.Item Bubble dynamics of water-ethanol mixture during subcooled flow boiling in a conventional channel(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Suhas, B.G.; Sathyabhama, A.In this paper, bubble dynamics in subcooled flow boiling of water-ethanol mixture in horizontal rectangular channels is investigated through visualization. The subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of water ethanol mixtures are determined for various heat flux, mass flux and ethanol volume fraction. A new empirical correlation is proposed to predict the heat transfer coefficient of pure water based on the parameters like heat flux, bubble departure diameter, waiting period and the growth period. Two types of bubble behaviours are observed after nucleation: (i) Sliding for a distance along the bottom wall of the channel surface before lift-off and (ii) Lift-off from the bottom wall of the channel surface without sliding. Force balance analysis is carried out to determine the reason for bubble lift-off and bubble sliding. The bubble lift-off without sliding is observed at higher ethanol volume fraction, lower heat flux and higher channel inlet temperature. The bubble sliding and lift-off are observed at higher heat flux and lower channel inlet temperature for water and water-ethanol mixture of 25% ethanol volume fraction. However, the effect of mass flux on the bubbles sliding or bubble lift-off is not significant. © 2016 Elsevier LtdItem Augmentation of heat transfer coefficient in pool boiling using compound enhancement techniques(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Sathyabhama, A.; Dinesh, A.Modern compact electronic chip design demands more efficient and innovative cooling techniques in a limited space. One such method is the immersion cooling by pool boiling heat transfer, which is a highly efficient technique when compared with conventional cooling techniques. The boiling heat transfer coefficient can be enhanced using active and passive techniques. In the present investigation grooves as passive and surface vibration as active techniques were coupled to improve the boiling heat transfer coefficient. The forced vertical vibrations were induced on the copper grooved surface with a mechanical vibrator. The frequency of vibration was varied in the range 0–100 Hz and the amplitude of vibration was varied in the range 0–2.5 mm. The compound technique gave 62% improvement in heat transfer coefficient at 300 kW/m2 heat flux compared to the 29% enhancement due to grooves alone and 10% enhancement due to vibration alone. The experimental results were used to develop a modified Rohsenow correlation which predicts the experimental Nusselt number with an accuracy of ±25%. Boiling visualization was performed and the bubble parameters such as bubble departure diameter, bubble frequency and bubble growth were determined. The bubble departure diameter decreased by almost 36% and the bubble frequency increased by 221% for boiling on vibrated grooved surface. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Comparative study of pool boiling heat transfer from various microchannel geometries(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Walunj, A.; Sathyabhama, A.This paper presents the experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer enhancemrent using open microchannels. Rectangular, parabolic and stepped microchannels are fabricated on the 10 mm diameter circular copper test piece and their boiling characteristics are compared with that of the plain surface at saturated condition of distilled water. The effect of channel shape and geometrical parameter on the boiling heat transfer is studied. The channel top width and channel base width are varied from 250 ?m to 500 ?m and 500 ?m to 800 ?m, respectively. The fin tip thickness is varied from 200 ?m to 500 ?m. The channel height is fixed at 500 ?m. The morphology of bubble is observed by using high-speed camera. Compound study of bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency has proved the significant performance of parabolic and stepped microchannel. All the microchannel geometries enhanced the heat transfer rate. The modification of rectangular channel into parabolic and stepped microchannel resulted in the maximum of 88% and 169% enhancement, respectively at 11.7 °C wall superheat. At heat flux of 100 kW/m2, the heat transfer coefficient increased by 21.49–35.37% for different microchannels. The incipient temperature reduced by 13.72–23.18%. A semi-analytical model is developed to estimate the bubble departure diameter of the microchannel which predicts the present experimental data with mean absolute error of 5.58%. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Heat transfer and force balance approaches in bubble dynamic study during subcooled flow boiling of water–ethanol mixture(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Suhas, B.G.; Sathyabhama, A.In this paper, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure water, water–ethanol mixture and pure ethanol is determined experimentally in horizontal rectangular channels for various parameters like heat flux, mass flux and channel inlet temperatures. Flow visualization is carried out using high speed camera. The bubble departure diameter, growth period and waiting period of bubbles are determined. Correlations are developed for subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number of water–ethanol mixture based on force balance approach and heat transfer approach. The parameters considered for correlation are grouped as dimensionless numbers by Buckingham ?-theorem. The significance of each dimensionless number on heat transfer coefficient is discussed. The correlations developed for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are validated with the experimental data. They are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the correlation based on force balance approach predicts the subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number well when compared with that of heat transfer approach correlation. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.Item Boiling of saturated water on grooved surface(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2019) Sathyabhama, A.The flow patterns and pool boiling heat transfer performance of rectangular grooved surface immersed in saturated water were experimentally investigated. The effect of the aspect ratio (groove depth/fin thickness) on boiling performance was examined. The test surfaces were manufactured on a copper block with a base diameter of 19 mm with four fin thickness (0.5 mm, 1mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm) and three groove depths (1.0 mm, 2.0 mm and 3.0 mm). All experiments were performed in the saturated state at atmospheric pressure. A plain surface was used as the reference standard and compared with the grooved surfaces. The photographic images showed different boiling flow patterns among the test surfaces at various heat fluxes. The test results indicated that closer and more number of grooves yielded a greater flow resistance against the bubble/vapor lift-off along the groove wall. At higher heat flux, numerous vapor mushrooms periodically appeared from the perimeter of the grooves. The developed correlation for Nusselt number predicts the experimental data with MAE of 7.42%. © 2018 Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers.Item Bubble dynamics and enhanced heat transfer during high-pressure pool boiling on rough surface(American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. custserv@aiaa.org, 2019) Walunj, A.; Sathyabhama, A.In the present study, the influence of surface roughness (Ra) on critical heat flux (CHF) of water at pressure of 1, 5, and 10 bar is investigated. The desired value of Ra is achieved by making unidirectional scratches on the flat copper surface. Surface roughness Ra varies from 0.106 to 4.03 ?m. The high-speed camera of 1000 fps is used for the boiling visualization study. The effect of surface roughness on bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency at different pressure is reported. Kim's CHF model is modified to include the contact angle as a function of surface roughness and temperature, which predicts the experimental CHF with mean absolute error (MAE) of 10.50% at pressure up to 10 bar. The correlation developed for bubble departure diameter predicts the experimental values with MAE of 17.09%. The relation between bubble departure diameter and bubble frequency is also developed, which predicts the corresponding experimental values with MAE of 25.26%. © 2019 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc. All rights reserved.