Faculty Publications

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Scratch and wear resistance of interstitial-free steel subjected to severe shot peening
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Sahoo, B.; Bhat K, U.; Rao, M.
Surface integrity in terms of scratch and wear resistance is the major concern of any engineering component, which is attributed to most of the surface damages. A popular way of improving such behaviours is the mechanical treatment of the surface. The current investigation studied the improvement of scratch and wear properties by performing shot peening on the Ti–Nb stabilised interstitial free steel, a popular choice in automotive industries. The samples were shot-peened at different coverages. It was found that the shot-peened samples showed a superior scratch and wear behaviour as compared to as-received samples. The scratch hardness was improved by 2.4 times, the wear volume was decreased by 59.6%, and the wear rate was minimal for the 2000% peened sample. © Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining 2024.
Elevated-Temperature Tribological Study of Interstitial-Free Steel Subjected to Shot Peening
(Springer, 2025) Sahoo, B.; Bhat, K.U.
The tribological behavior of steels at an elevated temperature plays a vital role in manufacturing processes like rolling, stamping, drawing, deep drawing, etc., where a prominent metal-to-metal contact demands a good wear resistance of the surface. The current investigation is based on improving the tribological behavior of interstitial-free steel by subjecting it to shot peening. The wear test was conducted at four different temperatures: 25, 100, 200, and 400 °C. The shot peening was done in two sets: conventionally shot peening and severe shot peening (SSP). The profile of the wear scar was analyzed in a profilometer, confirming the superiority of the SSPed sample in terms of smaller wear scar and lesser wear rate. Considering the temperature effects, the increase in wear resistance was more prominent at 400 °C due to the trace of thick oxide layers countering the ultrafine, fine oxide layers in the 200 and 100 °C wear conditions. The presence of protective ?-Fe2O3 layers and lubricative Fe3O4 layers was advantageous in the tribological aspect, contributing to the formation of a thinner wear scar and lower wear rate. A prominent trace of counter body material was also found in the debris generated at 400 °C wear condition. © ASM International 2024.
Influence of Samarium (Sm) Addition on Mechanical and Tribological Performance of the Al–Mg Alloy AA5083
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Aravindh, G.; Sahoo, B.; Kumar, G.V.P.; Udaya Bhat, K.
Using rare earth elements as minor additives in aluminum alloys has become a promising strategy for enhancing their properties. This study specifically investigates the effects of introducing samarium (Sm) as a minor addition to the Al–Mg alloy AA5083 and analyzes the resulting changes after casting and subsequent solution treatment. The solution treatment process involved heating the alloy to 475 °C for 12 h, followed by rapid cooling in water. Various assessments, including compression testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, and wear testing, were performed to evaluate the alterations of mechanical, thermal, and tribological characteristics. The results indicate that adding Sm significantly improves the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and wear resistance of the AA5083 alloy. Wear properties demonstrate that the AA5083 alloy with 1 wt.% Sm exhibited superior performance for both as-cast and solution-treated alloys compared to other alloys. These enhancements highlight the potential of incorporating rare earth microadditions to enhance the performance characteristics of aluminum alloys for a wide range of industrial applications. © American Foundry Society 2024.
Cumulative effect of FexN phases, roughness parameters, and asperity geometry on the anti-wear properties of low-temperature plasma nitrided Ti-Nb stabilized IF steel
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Sahoo, B.; Bhat, K.U.
Plasma-driven surface modification techniques like plasma nitriding (PN) are trending, especially for steel products. It is advantageous due to the higher order of process control and superior quality of property enhancement of the surface. This technique often employs a high processing temperature, which is one of its metallurgical and economical limitations. One of the renowned solutions is the implementation of lower processing temperatures. The current work is based on the low-temperature plasma nitriding of Ti-Nb stabilized interstitial-free steel at different processing temperatures ranging from 400 ºC to 500 ºC. The role of FexN phases, surface roughness parameters, and asperities geometry are thoroughly studied with respect to the anti-wear properties of the surface. The formation of ??-Fe4N and ?-Fe2–3N are detected in the XRD plot, whereas ??-Fe16N2 is confirmed in microscopy. The sample treated at 450 ºC presents the best anti-wear properties compared to other samples, primarily due to the presence of prominent ?-Fe2–3N phase and blunt surface asperities. A maximum reduction in wear volume of about 3 times the base value is recorded in the wear test. The microscopic and elemental analyses are conducted on the wear scars, wear debris, and counter-body worn-out surfaces to study the wear mechanism comprehensively. The work tries to illustrate the wear mechanisms schematically to understand the conceptual grounds associated with such theories. The spectrometric analysis in the depth direction is also performed, and it detects the trace of nitrogen up to about 7 µm depth for 500 ºC nitriding conditions. © 2025

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