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    Analytical computation of thermal response characteristics of homogeneous and composite walls of building and insulating materials used in India
    (CEPT University Press, 2014) Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.
    Climate responsive building design involves the study of the thermal response of building and insulating materials exposed to periodic changes of environmental conditions. For calculation of such unsteady thermal characteristics, one dimensional heat flow diffusion equation under periodic boundary conditions was solved using matrix algebra and thermal characteristics like admittance, transmittance, decrement factor, time lag, surface factor and surface factor time lags were calculated for homogeneous and composite walls. In this study, ten building and ten insulating materials were studied. Optimum wall thicknesses of building and insulating materials were calculated. From the results, it was concluded that mud phuska and coconut pitch are the most recommended homogeneous building and insulation materials respectively, among studied building and insulating materials, from lower decrement factor and higher time lag point of view. It is found that the insulation materials are highly responsive to short wave radiation than that of building materials. From the study, ultimately it is concluded that Burnt brick composite walls with Coconut pitch insulation is the best composite wall among all studied walls for reduced cooling loads and the most energy efficient building construction. © 2014 30th International PLEA Conference: Sustainable Habitat for Developing Societies: Choosing the Way Forward - Proceedings. All rights reserved.
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    Investigation of unsteady thermal response characteristics of hollow bricks exposed to sinusoidal solar thermal excitation
    (International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2015) Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, A.B.T.P.
    This paper presents the unsteady thermal response characteristics such as, admittance, transmittance, decrement factor, time lag, surface factor, surface factor time lag and areal thermal heat capacity of hollow bricks with different materials and varying air gap in hollow bricks for reducing heat gain into the buildings. A computer simulation program was developed which employs a cyclic admittance method. The results showed that thermal admittance, surface factor time lag, decrement factor time lag and areal thermal heat capacity values increase and thermal transmittance and decrement factor decrease with the increase in the number of air gaps in hollow bricks.
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    Effect of Air Space Thickness within the External Walls on the Dynamic Thermal Behaviour of Building Envelopes for Energy Efficient Building Construction
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, A.B.T.
    This paper presents the comprehensive investigation of the effect divided air space thickness within the wall on unsteady heat transfer characteristics such as thermal transmittance, thermal admittance, decrement factor and time lag of five building material walls for energy efficient building enclosure design. The five building material composite walls such as laterite stone, mud brick, cellular concrete, dense concrete and cinder concrete with total thirty configurations were studied. A computer simulation program was developed to compute unsteady heat transfer characteristics using the cyclic admittance procedure. From the results, it is observed that the decrement factor decreases with the increase in the divided air space thickness within the composite wall for all building materials. Dense concrete was observed to be the energy efficient from the lowest decrement factor point of view among five studied building materials. Dense concrete decrement factor decreases by 23.65% for 0.02 m air space thickness compared to the conventional composite wall without air space. It is also noticed that the time lag increases with the increase in the divided air space thickness within the composite wall for all building materials. Cellular concrete was observed to be the energy efficient from highest time lag perspective among five studied building materials. Cellular concrete time lag increases by 6.23% for 0.02 m air space thickness compared to the conventional composite wall without air space. The results of the study help in designing energy efficient building enclosures. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Simulation of various wall and window glass material for energy efficient building design
    (Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch, 2016) Gorantla, K.K.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, A.B.T.
    Buildings consume huge amount of energy for forced ventilation and artificial day lighting. Use of appropriate material combinations for walls and window glass can help in reducing energy consumption for cooling and lighting. This paper presents the thermal properties of four building materials such as, laterite stone, dense concrete, burnt brick and mud brick. It also presents the experimentally measured optical properties of glass materials such as, clear glass, bronze glass, green glass and reflective. In this study building of size 5m × 5m × 3.2m with four wall materials and four glass materials were designed using design builder software. The thickness of the wall was considered as external wall with thickness 0.22m. All the walls covered with cement plaster on either side. Roof of the building is made of reinforced cement concrete and floor is dense concrete. Thermal analysis was carried out using by Energy plus software. Single sized glass windows were placed in south direction (Due to less heat gain in south direction) for Mangalore city (12.87°N, 74.88°E), Karnataka, India. Different window to wall ratios (20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) were maintained for buildings. Total eighty building models were investigated for heat gain into buildings. From the results, it is observed that irrespective of the window to wall ratio, mud brick walls with reflective window glass were observed to be energy efficient from the lower heat gain point of view, and laterite stone wall building with clear glass windows were observed to be the worst due to their higher heat gain values. At 60% window to wall ratio mud brick walls with reflective window glass have 24.93kWh heat gain and dense concrete walls with clear glass have 32.9 kWh heat gain. The results of the study help in establishing the best combination of wall and glass materials for minimum heat gain into buildings. © 2016 Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
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    Effect of Different Double Glazing Window Combinations on Heat gain in Buildings for Passive Cooling in Various Climatic Regions of India
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gorantla, G.K.; Saboor, S.; Setty, A.B.T.P.
    The buildings account for more than 30% of energy consumption for cooling and day lighting in India. This paper presents the thermal performance of buildings with various double glazing window glass material combinations in four different climatic zones of India such as moderate (Bangalore), composite (Hyderabad) hot and dry (Jodhpur) and warm and humid (Vishakhapatnam) climatic zones. In this study, four double glazing window material combinations such as clear-clear, bronze-clear, green-clear and grey-clear were selected. An unventilated air space of 10 mm is maintained between the two glass layers. The spectral optical properties of four glass materials were measured experimentally using UV 3600 Shimadzu spectrophotometer from wavelengths ranging from 300 nm-2500 nm. Total sixty four building models were designed using Design builder 4.3.0.039 and thermal analysis was carried out using Energy plus 8.1 simulation tool. From the results, it is observed that concrete buildings with double grey-clear glass window were found to be energy efficient from the least heat gain point of view among sixty four building models studied in four climatic zones of India. The results of the study help in selecting the best combination of double glazing window glass material for reducing cooling loads in buildings of four different climatic zones of India. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Investigation of Various Low Emissivity Glass Materials for Green Energy Building Construction in Indian Climatic Zones
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gorantla, G.K.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.
    The buildings are responsible for more than one-third of power consumption in India. Glass is one of the significant building enclosures to control cooling loads in buildings. This paper describes how various low emissivity glasses used for building windows affect thermal performance of green energy buildings. This paper presents the thermal performance of five double glazed low reflective window glass materials such as clear low reflective glass, bronze low reflective glass, green low reflective glass, grey low reflective glass and blue-green low reflective glasses. In this paper, mud brick buildings with five low emissivity glass material windows were designed in three different climatic zones of India such as warm and humid (Mangalore), hot and dry (Jodhpur) and composite (Hyderabad). The results showed that buildings with double glazed low emissivity grey glass window are found to be energy efficient from the least heat gain point of view among all buildings studied in three climatic zones of India. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Thermal Analysis of Wall and Window Glass Materials for Cooling Load Reduction in Green Energy Building Design
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gorantla, G.K.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.
    Buildings are responsible for huge amount of energy consumption for cooling in hot regions. Energy efficient material wall and window glass materials can reduce power consumption for cooling. This laterite stone, dense concrete, burnt brick and mud brick are used as building materials. The experimentally measured optical properties of four glass materials such as clear glass, bronze glass, green glass and bronze-reflective glasses have been presented in this paper. Spectrophotometer was utilised to measure the spectral optical properties in the infrared region. The heat gain in the building due to placing of window in four orientations (East, West, North and South) was analyzed for Mangalore city (12.870N, 74.880E) in Karnatka state, India. The building models were simulated in Energy plus tool for thermal performance. Total two fifty six building models were investigated. The mud brick buildings were observed to be the most energy efficient as they allow the least heat gain inside the building at all window to wall ratios. Use of reflective glass for the glazing of the window reduces cooling loads in buildings. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Study of Various Glass Window and Building Wall Materials in Different Climatic Zones of India for Energy Efficient Building Construction
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Kumar, G.K.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.
    The commercial and residential buildings consume about 33% of energy for cooling and day lighting in India. This paper aims to present thermal performance of buildings constructed with various building and window glass materials in five different climatic zones of India. The climates considered include: hot and dry (Ahmedabad), moderate (Bangalore), cold (Guwahati), warm and humid (Madras), and composite (New Delhi). In this study, four building materials such as laterite stone, dense concrete, burnt brick, and mud brick were selected and four glasses such as clear, bronze, green, and bronze-reflective glasses were used for windows. Spectral characteristics of four glasses were measured experimentally by using Perkin-Elmer lambda 950spectrophotometer in the wavelength range of 300 -2500 nm as per ASTM standards. A mat lab code was developed to compute the solar optical properties such as transmittance and reflectance of glasses as per European standards in entire solar spectrum region. The building models were designed in Design builder 4.3.0.039 and thermal analysis was carried out in Energy plus 8.1.0.009. The solar heat gain in buildings was investigated. The results revealed that the mud brick wall building with south bronze-reflective glass window as energy saving from the least heat gain point of view among eighty building models studied. The results also showed that the mud brick wall building with bronze, green and bronze reflective window glasses reduces heat gain through wall by 2.52%, 3.83%, and 6.46% as compared to the mud brick wall building with clear glass window. The results helps in selecting energy saving combination of wall envelope and window glass materials for reducing air-conditioning loads in residential and commercial buildings of five different climatic zones of India. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Window Glazing Materials of Green Energy Building in Indian Climatic Zones
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gorantla, G.K.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.A.
    Buildings consume plenty of power for providing thermal and visual comfort inside the buildings. This paper aims at presenting the experimental results of spectral optical properties of the most widely used window glazing materials. The window glazing materials studied include clear glazing, bronze glazing, green glazing and grey coloured glazing materials. A Matlab code employing the British standard method was developed to compute transmittance and reflectance of window glasses at normal incidence angle. This code uses experimentally obtained spectral optical property data from Perkin Elmer lambda 950 spectrophotometer for the computation of transmission and reflection of window glasses. A computer program was developed for computing the total solar radiation passing through glass materials. The heat gain through different glass windows of eight coordinal orientations such as east, west, north, south, northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest in four climatic zones of India was investigated. The solar radiation through south oriented glass was found to be the least among all other orientations studied in four Indian climatic zones. The cooling load through south oriented bronze, glass, green glass and grey glass window were reduced by 23%, 31% and 37%, respectively, as compared to the south oriented clear glass window in four climatic zones of India. The grey glass window is observed to be the most energy efficient as it reduces maximum cooling loads within the building as compared to the other considered glazing materials. The results of this paper are helpful in designing energy efficient commercial buildings for reduced cooling loads. © 2017 The Authors.
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    Investigation of various wall and window glass material buildings in different climatic zones of India for energy efficient building construction
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Gorantla, G.; Saboor, S.; Ashok Babu, T.P.
    The commercial and residential buildings consume about 33% of energy for cooling and day lighting in India. This paper presents the thermal performance of buildings constructed with various building and window glass materials in five different climatic zones of India such as hot and dry (Ahmedabad), moderate (Bangalore), cold (Guwahati), warm and humid (Madras) and composite (New Delhi) climatic zones. In this study, four building materials such as laterite stone, dense concrete, burnt brick and mud brick were selected and four window glass materials such as clear, bronze, green and bronze-reflective glasses were selected. The spectral optical properties of four glass materials were measured experimentally using Perkin-Elmer lambda 950 spectrophotometer from wavelengths ranging from 300 nm- 2500 nm. Total eighty building models were designed using Design builder 4.3.0.039 and thermal analysis was carried out in Energy plus 8.1 simulation tool. From the results, it is observed that mud brick with bronze-reflective glass window buildings were found to be energy efficient from the least heat gain point of view among eighty building models studied in five climatic zones of India. The results of the study help in selecting the best combination of building and window glass materials for reducing cooling loads in buildings of five different climatic zones of India. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.