Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item 5G to 6G: Empowering the Workforce Skills for Next-Gen Connectivity(IGI Global, 2025) Anurag, A.S.; Swathi, A.; Ramesh, R.; Johnpaul, M.The global launch of 6G communication is anticipated to occur in the near future. This high- speed communication technology will propel the growth of disruptive technologies that are currently underperforming due to our limited communication capabilities. With the establishment of 6G, advancements in AI, the Internet of Things, Machine Learning, and Edge Computing will reach new heights. These changes in the technological landscape will redefine workforce skills requirements. This chapter aims to examine the technological transformations resulting from the shift from 5G to 6G, particularly in the context of empowering workforce skills. Utilizing existing literature, the authors identified several workforce changes and proposed strategies to adapt to this evolving landscape. As communication speeds and data transfer rates increase, society will transition completely towards a smart and digital era. This paper will assist researchers, policymakers, and management personnel in preparing for the changes that 6G technology will bring. © 2025 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.Item Controlled crystallisation of thermal evaporated GST-on-SOI for photonic neuromorphic application(Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2021) Kallega, R.; Shekhawat, R.; Udaya Bhat, K.; Ramesh, R.; Selvaraja, S.K.In this paper, we demonstrate controlled phase tuning of thermally evaporated germanium antimony telluride (GST) integrated silicon ring-resonator for potential neuromorphic application. We present and correlate electrical and photonic phase transition of ring integrated GST. © OSA 2021.Item Face Parts Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021) Krishna, M.S.; Nali, A.; Aggarwal, N.; Krishna, T.; Ramesh, R.This paper has expressed overall procedure of the facial recognition with its importance and essential beneficial factors. CNN and ML methods are used to find out the accuracy of the model for which data test train and features extraction has been processed. The output accuracy is observed to be 91.8%. Involvement of optimizers, batch normalization and dropout functionalities reported advantages in proposed CNN model. © 2021 IEEE.Item Understanding the role of modeling and simulation in pyrolysis of biomass and waste plastics: A review(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Ramesh, R.; Suriapparao, D.V.; Sankar Rao, C.S.; Kumar, T.H.The valorization of resources from biomass and plastic waste using thermochemical platforms is an innovative approach. Pyrolysis is thermochemical technology that is very effective in the production of fuels and chemical intermediates. It's conducted by conventional heating, solar heating, and microwave-controlled heating. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis is more advantageous. The temperature distribution, mass transfer, and heat transfer rates depend on the operation mode through process parameters. The optimization of the pyrolysis process is crucial for scale-up. Computer-assisted modeling and simulation techniques help to develop suitable configurations and experimental methods for better efficiencies. Modeling allows the identification of optimum operating parameters and understanding of transportation mechanisms involved in pyrolysis. Modeling, simulation, and optimization are ideally suited to understanding and analyzing the complex stages of pyrolysis. This review provides insight into existing heat, mass, and momentum transfer models for pyrolysis. The effects of transport properties on pyrolysis are dealt with. © 2022 Elsevier LtdItem Microwave-assisted torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass: A critical review of its role in sustainable energy(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Ramesh, R.; Sankar Rao, C.; Lenka, M.; Sridevi, V.; Basak, T.Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising renewable energy source that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, its raw form presents challenges for practical use. To overcome this, the Microwave-assisted torrefaction (MAT) process has emerged as a successful method for enhancing the quality of biomass and generating energy. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of recent scientific research on MAT of biomass. It explores torrefaction indices and discusses the impact of key parameters such as biomass composition, temperature, residence time, heating rate, particle size, and microwave power on MAT. The article also addresses potential applications and challenges associated with MAT. Furthermore, it evaluates the hurdles in achieving compatibility, acceptability, and sustainability of the process, along with future directions to realize economic benefits even in small-scale applications. Ultimately, MAT holds promise as an energy-efficient approach to enhance the effectiveness of biomass utilization. © 2025Item LOW-FREQUENCY RADIO OBSERVATIONS of the SOLAR CORONA with ARCMINUTE ANGULAR RESOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS for CORONAL TURBULENCE and WEAK ENERGY RELEASES(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2016) Mugundhan, V.; Ramesh, R.; Barve, I.V.; Kathiravan, C.; Gireesh, G.V.S.; Kharb, P.; Misra, A.We report on the first long baseline interferometer (length ?8 km) observations of the solar corona at 37 MHz that were carried out recently with an angular resolution of ?1?. The results indicate that, (1) discrete radio sources of the aforesaid angular size or even lesser are present in the solar corona from where radiation at the above frequency originates. This constrains the angular broadening of radio sources at low frequencies due to scattering by density turbulence in the solar corona; and (2) the observed sources in the present case correspond to the weakest energy releases in the solar atmosphere reported so far. © 2016. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.Item Effect of current density on morphological, structural and optical properties of porous silicon(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Ramesh, R.; Nagaraja, H.S.The morphology of porous silicon (PS) layers produced by electrochemical etching of n-type (100) silicon (Si) at different low current densities was studied using SEM, image J analysis and WSxM software. From FTIR spectroscopy analysis, the Si dangling bonds of the as-prepared PS layer have large amount of Hydrogen to form weak Si–H bonds. From Raman analysis, a full width half maximum (FWHM) of the Raman peak was gradually increased with increased current density, shifted towards lower energies due to reduce of crystallite size, the crystallite size in the PS varied from 63 nm to 20 nm depending on the current density. The optical response of the PS layer has been performed by the absorbance and Photoluminescence was studied experimentally in the visible range. The optical absorption and photo luminescence in PS is due to excitonic recombination between the defect states as well as on the surface of nanocrystals, and this was attributed to the presence of silicon hydride species which are confirmed by FTIR spectra. The red shift was observed in absorbance and Photoluminescence due to decrease in the size of Si crystallites and growth of Si=O bonds. The contact angle varied from 76° to 120.1°. From the wettability studies, the surface nature of the PS was converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when the current density increased. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Coronal Magnetic Field Lines and Electrons Associated with Type III–V Radio Bursts in a Solar Flare(Springer India sanjiv.goswami@springer.co.in, 2017) Kishore, P.; Kathiravan, C.; Ramesh, R.; Ebenezer, E.We recently investigated some of the hitherto unreported observational characteristics of the low frequency (85–35 MHz) type III–V bursts from the Sun using radio spectropolarimeter observations. The quantitative estimates of the velocities of the electron streams associated with the above two types of bursts indicate that they are in the range ? 0.13 c–0.02c for the type V bursts, and nearly constant (? 0.4 c) for the type III bursts. We also find that the degree of circular polarization of the type V bursts vary gradually with frequency/heliocentric distance as compared to the relatively steeper variation exhibited by the preceding type III bursts. These imply that the longer duration of the type V bursts at any given frequency (as compared to the preceding type III bursts) which is its defining feature, is due to the combined effect of the lower velocities of the electron streams that generate type V bursts, spread in the velocity spectrum, and the curvature of the magnetic field lines along which they travel. © 2017, Indian Academy of Sciences.Item Hydrothermally synthesized reduced graphene oxide and Sn doped manganese dioxide nanocomposites for supercapacitors and dopamine sensors(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Shanbhag, D.; Bindu, K.; Aarathy, A.R.; Ramesh, R.; Moolayadukkam, M.; Nagaraja, H.S.?-MnO2 nanowires and its nanocomposites (rGO-MnO2 and Sn@rGO-MnO2) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal technique. Two important electrochemical applications of nanocomposites, viz, electrodes for supercapacitor and sensors for a biomolecule, dopamine are reported. The prepared nanowires have been characterized by XRD, which reveals smaller crystallite size of rGO- MnO2 composites compared to pristine MnO2 and the trend is supported by BET analysis. The wrapping of MnO2 NWs with rGO sheets increases the surface area, as well as, creates more dislocations at the interfaces. The correlation between physicochemical properties leads to an enhancement in the electrochemical performance of the materials. The as-fabricated Sn@rGO-MnO2 supercapacitor electrode reveals superior performance. The specific capacitance of 139.05, 309.7 and 460.9 F/g at a scanning rate of 20 mV/s, in an aqueous Na2SO4 solution (1 M) is obtained for MnO2, rGO-MnO2 and Sn@rGO-MnO2 respectively. Also, the reported nanocomposites show excellent performance towards detection of dopamine. Among ?-MnO2/GCE, rGO-MnO2/GCE and Sn@rGO-MnO2/GCE based sensors for Dopamine detection, rGO-MnO2/GCE sensor exhibits the highest sensitivity of 433.6 ?A/mM and broad linear range, whereas Sn@rGO-MnO2 exhibits lower detection limit of 0.13 ?M. © 2017 Elsevier LtdItem Effect of current density and electrochemical cycling on physical properties of silicon nanowires as anode for lithium ion battery(Elsevier Inc. usjcs@elsevier.com, 2017) Ramesh, R.; H.S., N.Herein, we successfully fabricated vertically aligned silicon nanowires (Si NWs) via an electrochemical etching of n-type (100) silicon at different high current densities. The morphology of the prepared Si NWs was studied using SEM, FFT analysis and WSxM software. From FTIR spectroscopy analysis, the silicon dangling bonds of the as-prepared Si NWs layer have large amount of hydrogen to form weak Si[sbnd]H bonds. The blue shift was observed in Photoluminescence due to decrease in the size of silicon crystallites, the crystallite size in the Si NWs varied from 5.9 nm to 4.8 nm depending on the current density. The contact angle varied from 74.7° to 149.1°. From the wettability studies, the surface nature of the Si NWs was converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic when the current density increased. The obtained Si NWs were used as an anode in lithium ion cell. The charge capacity of the anode is ~ 3452.47 mAh g? 1 at the first cycle with the coulombic efficiency over 85.8%, and faded to 1134.34 mAh g? 1 with coulombic efficiency over 81.6% after the 12th cycle at a current rate of 1C. Scanning electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction are performed to study the morphology and crystalline structure of the anode, respectively. The dislocation density decreased from 46.2 × 1015 m? 2 to 0.06 × 1015 m? 2 and the surface area decreased from 1.5 × 103 ?m2 to 0.05 × 103 ?m2 with cycle number increased from 1 to 102 whereas the band gap increased from 2.2 eV to 2.9 eV. The above observations are well correlated. © 2017 Elsevier Inc.