Faculty Publications
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Item Studies on the role of HVOF coatings to combat erosion in turbine alloys(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Prasanna, N.D.; Siddaraju, C.; Shetty, G.; Ramesh, M.R.; Reddy, M.Erosive wear is caused by the action of sliding or impact of solids, liquids, gases or the combination of these. Solid particle erosion is an important material degradation mechanism encountered in a number of engineering systems such as gas turbine engines, thermal power plants, coal slurry pipe lines. Erosive action results from the impact of particulates, such as coal ash, dolomite and un-burnt carbon particles on the surface of turbine. Super alloys developed for high temperature applications suffer from the drawback that the strength and the erosion-corrosion resistance at high temperature exhibited are poor. To improve the resistance property, one way would be the use of coatings on the super alloy component. Coatings take care of the problems related to erosion whereas the super alloys take care of the requirement of strength at elevated temperature. Various coatings have been highly attractive; however, High Velocity Oxy-fuel (HVOF) process, a family of thermal spray techniques uses kinetic energy of the burnt gases to soften and to propel the spray powder producing dense very low porosity, good inter-particle cohesion and well bonded coatings. In the present study successful attempts have been made to spray Stellite-6, 10%Al2O3+90%CoCrAlTaY and 25%Cr3C2-20(Ni-Cr)+75%NiCrAlY on three kinds of turbine alloys, namely Ti-6Al-4V, Co-based super alloy (Super co 605) and Fe-based special steel (MDN121).Microstructure and mechanical properties of the coatings have been characterized. Erosion tests for different conditions using Air-jet erosion test rig for different impingement angles have been studied in detail. From these studies it is observed that satellite-6 coating exhibits lower erosive rate compared to other two coating materials. The morphology of the eroded surface shows craters, groove formation in the binder matrix and carbide pull-out as the existing erosion mechanism. Higher erosion loss is observed for Al2O3+CoCrAlTaY coating. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.Item High temperature erosion behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/WC-Co/cenosphere coating(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Mathapati, M.; Ramesh, M.R.; Doddamani, M.High temperature erosive behavior of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY-25WC-Co/cenosphere coating deposited on MDN 321 steel is investigated in the present work. Coating is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Microhardness, porosity, adhesion strength, fracture toughness and ductility of the coating are quantified. Solid particle erosion test is conducted at 200, 400 and 600 °C with 30 and 90° impact angles using alumina erodent. Optical profilometer is used to evaluate erosion volume loss. Erosion resistance of the coating is observed to be higher than the substrate for the test temperatures chosen and noted to be more prominent at lower impact angle and higher temperature. High temperature stability of mullite, alumina and oxide layer assists in increasing erosion resistance of coating. The eroded coating surface morphology reveals the brittle mode of material removal. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Item Elevated Temperature Solid Particle Erosion Performance of Plasma-Sprayed Co-based Composite Coatings with Additions of Al2O3 and CeO2(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2017) Nithin, H.S.; Desai, V.; Ramesh, M.R.In this paper, investigation into solid particle erosion behavior of atmospheric plasma-sprayed composite coating of CoCrAlY reinforced with Al2O3 and CeO2 oxides on Superni 76 at elevated temperature of 600 °C is presented. Alumina particles are used as erodent at two impact angles of 30° and 90°. The microstructure, porosity, hardness, toughness and adhesion properties of the as-sprayed coatings are studied. The effects of temperature and phase transformation in the coatings during erosion process are analyzed using XRD and EDS techniques. Optical profilometer is used for accurate elucidation of erosion volume loss. CoCrAlY/CeO2 coating showed better erosion resistance with a volume loss of about 50% of what was observed in case of CoCrAlY/Al2O3/YSZ coating. Lower erosion loss is observed at 90° as compared to 30° impact angle. The erosion mechanism evaluated using SEM micrograph revealed that the coatings experienced ductile fracture exhibiting severe deformation with unusual oxide cracks. Reinforced metal oxides provide shielding effect for erodent impact, enabling better erosion resistance. The oxidation of the coating due to high-temperature exposure reforms erosion process into oxidation-modified erosion process. © 2017, ASM International.Item High-Temperature Erosive Behavior of Plasma Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr/Cenosphere Coating(Springer New York LLC barbara.b.bertram@gsk.com, 2018) Mathapati, M.; Doddamani, M.; Ramesh, M.R.This research examines the deposition of Cr3C2-NiCr/cenosphere and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings on MDN 321 steel through the process of plasma spray. In this process, the solid particle erosion test is established at 200, 400, 600 °C with 30° and 90° impact angles. Alumina erodent is adopted to investigate the erosive behavior of the coating at higher temperatures. The properties of the Cr3C2-NiCr/cenosphere coating are established based on the microhardness, the adhesive strength, the fracture toughness, and the ductility. To quantify volume loss as a result of erosion, an optical profilometer is used. At higher temperature, decrease in the erosion volume loss of Cr3C2-NiCr/cenosphere and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings is observed. The erosion-resistive property of Cr3C2-NiCr/cenosphere coating is higher than that of MDN 321 steel by 76%. This property is influenced by high-temperature stability of mullite, alumina, and protective oxide layer that is formed at elevated temperatures. The morphology of eroded coating discloses a brittle mode of material removal. © 2018, ASM International.Item Elevated temperature solid particle erosion behaviour of carbide reinforced CoCrAlY composite coatings(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Nithin, H.S.; Desai, V.; Ramesh, M.R.CoCrAlY+WC-Co and CoCrAlY+Cr3C2-NiCr coatings are deposited on nickel based alloy using atmospheric plasma spray technique. Mechanical properties such as microhardness, adhesion strength and fracture toughness of coatings are evaluated. Elevated temperature solid particle erosion behaviour of these coatings are investigated at 600 °C using alumina erodent at 30 and 90° impact angle. Coatings are characterized utilizing Scanning electron microscope (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). CoCrAlY+WC-Co coating shows higher hardness, adhesion strength and fracture toughness than CoCrAlY+Cr3C2-NiCr coating. CoCrAlY+WC-Co coating exhibited approximately 3 times higher erosion resistance than CoCrAlY+Cr3C2-NiCr coating at 90° and 30° impact angles. SEM images of eroded surfaces of coatings reveals the combination of ductile and brittle fracture. CoCrAlY+Cr3C2-NiCr coating shows severe cracks, craters, carbide pull out and chipping than CoCrAlY+WC-Co coating. High temperature erosion is a combination of simultaneous building up of material by oxidation and removal of material by erosion process. Thus reforming the erosion process to oxidation modified erosion process. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Solid Particle Erosion Behavior of Partially Oxidized Al with NiCr Composite Coating at Elevated Temperature(Springer, 2021) Subba Rao, M.; Ramesh, M.R.; Kadoli, R.The composite coating was developed and investigated the solid particle erosion performance at elevated temperature by varying impact angles. Al2O3 erodent of grit size 50 µm was used in air-jet erosion tester to investigate the resistance to erosion at RT, 200, 400, 600, and 800 °C by varying 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90° impact angles. The composite coating was deposited on MDN321 steel by plasma spray process with feedstock of “30 weight percent of partially oxidized Al powder and 70 wt.% of NiCr alloy powder.” The composite coating was characterized by bond strength, porosity, micro-hardness, and density. Volumetric erosion loss concerning temperature and impact angle was studied using SEM, EDAX, and XRD analysis. Non-contact three-dimensional optical profilometer was used to quantify the volumetric erosion loss. MDN321 steel showed better erosion resistance than composite coating at all the temperatures. Due to the formation of stable oxides at 800 °C the erosion resistance of the coating was improved. © 2021, ASM International.Item High-Temperature Solid-Particle Erosion Behaviour of Plasma-Sprayed Fe17Cr2Ni0.18C/Cenosphere-Based Composite Coating(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Hanumanthlal, S.; Siddaraju, C.; Ramesh, M.R.The present investigation deals to improve the solid-particle erosion resistance of boiler steel material. FeCrNiC and FeCrNiC with 5, 10 and 15wt.% cenosphere composite coatings were deposited on A387 Grade 22 steel using plasma spray technique. Powder and as-sprayed coatings are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction to study the surface morphology and cross section to study the nature of coatings deposited. Microhardness and adhesion strength of the coatings are evaluated. High-temperature solid-particle erosion behavior of these coating is evaluated at 300 ºC and 600 ºC at different impact angles. FeCrNiC + 15%Cenosphere designates higher hardness and adhesion strength. Convention weight change method cannot be used to validate the erosion performance due to undesirable variation. Optical profiler is used to determine erosion volume loss. The FeCrNiC coatings with the addition of cenospheres showed better erosion resistance than as-sprayed FeCrNiC and substrate. FeCrNiC + 10%Cenosphere coating shows the highest erosion resistance as compared to other coatings and substrate. Further increase in cenosphere percentage leads to reduction in erosion resistance due to predominant brittle fracture. High-temperature erosion is a concurrent erosion–oxidation process which shows combination of ductile and brittle erosion mechanism. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour of Plasma-Sprayed (WC–Co)/(Cr3C2–NiCr) Coatings(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Reddy, G.M.S.; Ramesh, S.; Anne, G.; Ramesh, M.R.; Rao, T.N.; Patil, P.This study reports the high-temperature erosion behaviour of plasma-sprayed 35% (WC–Co)/65% (Cr3C2–NiCr) coating on MDN-420 alloy. Plasma spray coatings have always played a pivotal role in enabling industries to combat problems of premature degradation of components that operate in harsh environments. (WC–Co) + (Cr3C2–NiCr) coating is investigated for erosion under various laboratory-simulated conditions. Coating surface is characterized by using an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Porosity, microhardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength of the coating are measured. The solid particle erosion test is conducted at the temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C with the impact angles of 30° and 90° by using Al2O3 as an erodent in the hot air jet erosion testing machine. The optical profilometer is used to evaluate the erosion volume loss of the coated and uncoated samples. It is observed that erosion resistance of the substrate is found to be higher than the coating at the different test temperatures. As the temperature increases, the erosion resistance of the coating is also increased at all the temperatures for both impact angles of 30° and 90°.The eroded coating surface morphology reveals that the generalized behaviour of the coating is ductile in nature. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Elevated temperature erosion performance of plasma sprayed NiCrAlY/TiO2coating on MDN 420 steel substrate(Institute of Physics, 2022) Reddy G, M.S.; Prasad, C.D.; Patil, P.; Naresh, N.; Ramesh, M.R.The current study deals with the erosion behaviour of a plasma-sprayed 70% NiCrAlY + 30% TiO2 coating on MDN 420 steel substrate at extreme temperatures. The coating was characterized by using an optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The coating's porosity, microhardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength were all examined. The solid particle erosion experiments were carried out at temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C, with impact angles of 30° and 90°. The tests were conducted by using the alumina as an erodent in the hot air jet erosion testing machine. The erosion volume loss of coated and uncoated samples was measured using an optical profilometer. It is observed that erosion resistance of the coating was found to be more when compared to the substrate for the different test temperatures chosen. As the temperature increases, the erosion resistance of the coating also found increased from 300 °C to 700 °C at both impact angles of 30° and 90°. The morphology of the eroded coating surface reveals that the generalized behaviour of the coating is ductile in nature. © 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.Item High temperature erosion performance of NiCrAlY/Cr2O3/YSZ plasma spray coatings(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Reddy, G.M.S.; Prasad, C.D.; Patil, P.; Shetty, G.; Naresh, N.; Ramesh, M.R.The current investigation's objective was to assess the air jet erosion tester's ability to measure the erosive behaviour of plasma sprayed coatings on titanium-15 alloy. 65% NiCrAlY, 30% Cr2O3, and 5% YSZ make up the coating's chemical composition. A study of microstructure and phases was carried out. Microhardness and adhesive strength have both been measured in this work. With impact angles of 30° and 90° at 300°C, 500°C, and 700°C, Al2O3 erodent was utilised in a solid particle erosion test. An optical profilometer was used to calculate the erosion volume loss. The coating erosion resistance was found to be higher than the substrate sample for the test temperature that was employed, and this was more obvious at higher impact angles and higher temperatures The ductile character of the coating is seen in the contour of the deteriorated coating surface. © 2023 Institute of Materials Finishing Published by Taylor & Francis on behalf of the Institute.