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    New cyanopyridine based conjugated polymers carrying auxiliary electron donors: From molecular design to blue emissive PLEDs
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Pilicode, N.; Naik, P.; K M, K.M.; Acharya, M.; Satyanarayan, M.N.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    Three new D-A (Donor-Acceptor) configured conjugated polymers, i.e. PPy1-3, centered on strong electron accepting cyanopyridine scaffold carrying varied auxiliary donors, viz. phenylene (PPy1), biphenyl (PPy2), and fluorene (PPy3) were designed and synthesized as blue emitters for PLEDs. The new polymers were subjected to spectral, thermal, photophysical and electrochemical characterization. Also, computational studies (DFT) were performed on the repeating units of polymer using Turbomole 7.2 V software package at the B3LYP/TZVP hybrid levels. Further, their weight average molecular masses were found to be 38.8 kDa, 38.9 kDa and 57.7 kDa, respectively as determined by GPC technique. Furthermore, the new polymers PPy1-3, were shown to be stable thermally up to 308–374 °C. Evidently, they exhibited good photophysical behavior with their optical energy band gaps of 2.53–2.64 eV. Finally, the polymers PPy1-3 were employed as an active emissive layer in standard ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/Al configured PLEDs. Interestingly, at 12 V all the newly fabricated devices exhibit a stable blue characteristic electroluminescence with low threshold voltages of 3.40–5.20 V, confirming an efficient injection of electrons in the diodes. From the results, it is clear that, the polymers PPy1-3, can be considered as prospective blue light emitters for PLED application. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
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    Nicotinonitrile centered luminescent polymeric materials: Structural, optical, electrochemical, and theoretical investigations
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020) Pilicode, N.; Naik, P.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and structural characterization of three new push-pull type conjugative polymers, that is, VPPy1-3 comprising strong electron-withdrawing N-heterocyclic nicotinonitrile scaffold coupled with electron-donating phenylene units through vinylene bridges, as promising candidates for optoelectronic applications. They were successfully synthesized from their respective co-monomers by simple polycondensation synthetic routes, viz. Knoevenagel and Wittig reactions. All the polymers were subjected to photophysical, electrochemical, thermal, and theoretical studies in order to ascertain their suitability in polymer light-emitting diode applications as blue emitters. Evidently, they are readily soluble in most of the organic solvents, enabling them easy solution-processable. These new polymers display strong blue photoluminescence at the peak in the range of 431 to 462 nm with a wide optical bandgap in the order of 2.55 to 2.63 eV. The obtained electrochemical data were employed to evaluate their HOMO/LUMOs. The density functional theory calculations generated useful information on their FMO, molecular geometries, and electronic properties. Also, the influence of their structural modification on the above-said properties was discussed in detail to reveal the structure-property relationship. Conclusively, these results illustrate the great prospective of this class of polymeric materials for the application in solution-processable blue LEDs. © 2020 Society of Plastics Engineers
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    New cyanopyridine-based ?-conjugative poly(azomethine)s: Synthesis, characterization and electroluminescence studies
    (John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Pilicode, N.; Naik, P.; K M, K.M.; Acharya, M.; Satyanarayan, M.N.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    Four new Schiff-base type conjugative polymers (CPs), that is, Py1-4 carrying a strong electron-withdrawing cyanopyridine scaffold coupled with different electron-donating aromatic/heteroaromatic moieties were synthesized from their respective co-monomers by simple poly-condensation route. They were subjected to structural, thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical characterizations and theoretical investigations in order to identify their suitability in polymer light-emitting diode (PLED) application. All these polymers showed good film-forming ability and exhibited favorable photophysical behaviors with an optical bandgap in the order of 2.54-2.68 eV. Further, their electrochemical data were used to evaluate highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. Finally, Py1-4 were successfully employed as blue-light emitter in the construction of new ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ Py1-4/Al configured light-emitting diodes (LED), and the fabricated devices demonstrated stable blue electroluminescence behavior endorsing an effective electrons injection in the PLEDs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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    Synthesis, optical, electrochemical, and computational investigation of new cyanopyridine-centered organic dyads
    (Elsevier B.V., 2023) Naik, P.; Pilicode, N.; Keremane, K.S.; Acharya, M.; Vasudeva Adhikari, A.V.
    Herein we report the molecular design, synthesis, and inclusive investigation of four novel di-anchored symmetric dyes (CP1-4) centered on electron deficient cyanopyridine scaffold as possible photosensitizers for DSSC application. These new chromogens (CP1-4) comprise a powerful electron-withdrawing cyanopyridine moiety linked with additional electron attracting functionalities such as cyanoacetic acid (CP1), 3-(carboxymethyl) rhodanine (CP2), 2,4,6-pyrimidinetrione (CP3), and 2,6-dihydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine (CP4), as effective acceptor/anchoring units via biphenyl donor units. Their in-depth optical and electrochemical behaviour were investigated to assess their suitability as photosensitizers. Further, the molecular modeling calculations were undertaken to understand their ground state properties and energy level potentials. The comprehensive studies revealed that they own all the requisites to performance as a potential photosensitizer for DSSC application. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.