Faculty Publications
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Item Trend analysis of rainfall, rainy days and drought: a case study of Ghataprabha River Basin, India(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Pathak, A.A.; Dodamani, B.M.Drought is a recurring natural hazard, which has the potential to alter the ecological conditions of a region. A deficit in rainfall and a decrease in the number of rainy days induce the meteorological drought. The present study considered the nonparametric Mann–Kendall to investigate annual and seasonal rainfall (rainy-day) trend and meteorological drought trends over the Ghataprabha River Basin, India. A significant number of moderate and severe droughts were observed over the study period, and the eastern portion of the basin possessed the highest number of drought frequency (20–35 No.) in all the time scales of SPI. Results of trend analysis revealed that the stations having significant negative SPI trends are increasing with the SPI time scale, which could lead to the droughts of higher duration and severity. From the study, it was also noted that the negative trend of SPI was moving from the western portion of the basin to the eastern side, as the SPI time scale increases. Comparison between rainfall trend and rainy-day trend with SPI trend revealed high (ranging from 0.91 to 0.97) and moderate (0.67–0.7) correlation, respectively. This indicates that the rainfall trend will capture the SPI trends effectively. The findings of this work could be useful for a better understanding of regional drought trends and also establish effective water resources management policies over the basin. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Connection between Meteorological and Groundwater Drought with Copula-Based Bivariate Frequency Analysis(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 2021) Pathak, A.A.; Dodamani, B.M.Groundwater is a major resource of freshwater that provides additional resilience to agricultural drought during rainfall deficit and also helps in understanding the nature of the hydrological drought risk of an area. This study investigated the response of groundwater drought to meteorological drought and local aquifer properties by considering monthly groundwater levels of a tropical river basin in India. Further, bivariate frequency analysis was carried out for groundwater drought to develop severity-duration-frequency curves by considering the copula function. Long-term monthly groundwater levels were procured, and cluster analysis was performed on groundwater observations to classify the wells. Standardized Groundwater level Index (SGI) was used to evaluate groundwater drought for each cluster, and the same was compared with the meteorological drought of different association periods. The cluster analysis conveyed that wells can be grouped into three clusters optimally. Based on the comparison of groundwater drought with meteorological drought, it was inferred that SGI is well harmonized with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) in humid and semiarid regions, respectively. Analysis of hydraulic diffusivity with the autocorrelation structure of SGI emphasizes the crucial role of aquifer characteristics in local groundwater droughts. The results of joint and conditional return periods obtained from bivariate frequency analysis conveyed that high severity and high-duration droughts were more frequent in the well of Clusters 1 as well as Cluster 3 and comparatively less for the well of Cluster 2. The outcome of the study will be helpful to design proactive drought mitigation and preparedness strategies by considering conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. It also provides a framework to evaluate groundwater drought risk in other parts of the world. © 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.