Faculty Publications
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Item Interrelationship between trade and environment: a bibliometric analysis of published articles from the last two decades(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Padhan, L.; Bhat, S.Extant literature indicates that the concepts of international trade and the environment are intertwined. There is a plethora of theoretical and empirical research studies that explore the relationship between the two concepts. However, no bibliometric attempts have been made to analyze these publications to understand the current research trends in the trade and environment regulation/protection/policy intersection. Hence, the present study conducted a bibliometric analysis of 1390 research articles collected from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2021. The study accomplished performance and science mapping analysis using Bibliometrix and VOSViewer software. The study shows an increasing publication trend. The most productive country was the USA (259 publications with 8400 citations), and the most productive institution was the University of California (33 publications). The study found that Cole MA was the most relevant author in this area by considering multiple matrices. By using keywords, conceptual structure, and bibliographic coupling analysis, the study suggests that future studies can be conducted on climate change, carbon leakage, climate policy, environmental protection, air pollution, economic growth, carbon dioxide emission, emission trading, abatement cost, environmental performance, green supply chain management, composition effect, carbon footprints, and multi-regional input-output model. The current study provides scholars and practitioners interested in trade and environmental interlinkages with a comprehensive overview of the domain by presenting readers with significant studies, authors, universities, concepts, and sources. Further, the study results will be helpful for scholars to get insights into the current research development trends and research themes in the trade and environmental regulation field. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Pollution haven or pollution halo in the context of emerging economies: a two-step system GMM approach(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Padhan, L.; Bhat, S.The study examines the presence of the pollution haven or halo hypothesis by investigating the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow on environmental degradation in 46 emerging countries from 2010 to 2020 using the robust two-step System generalised method of moments (GMM) approach. The study considers three important proxies to capture environmental degradation: ecological footprint (EF), consumption-based carbon emission (CBCE), and production-based carbon emission (PBCE). Further, economic growth, import, renewable energy consumption, and industrialisation were the control variables. The analysis demonstrated that FDI coming to the studied emerging countries improves the environmental qualities by reducing all three proxies of environmental degradation, which validates the presence of the pollution halo hypothesis. Further results show that a 1% increase in economic growth, import, and industrialisation are raising the EF by 0.289%, 0.166%, and 0.063%, respectively. However, a 1% increase in renewable energy consumption reduces the EF by 0.059%. Furthermore, economic growth and renewable energy consumption are helping to reduce CBCE, but imports are raising it. Thus, the study’s findings suggest that emerging countries can attain sustainable development and enhance their environmental qualities by attracting FDI inflows that enable the transfer of advanced and eco-friendly technologies, transitioning from conventional energy sources to modern renewable energy alternatives, prioritising green growth strategies, and adopting conservation management practices. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.Item Nexus between foreign direct investment and ecological footprint in BRICS and Next-11: the moderating role of green innovation(Emerald Publishing, 2024) Padhan, L.; Bhat, S.Purpose: The study examines the presence of the pollution haven or pollution halo hypothesis in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) and Next-11 economies. Hence, it empirically tests the direct impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the ecological footprint. Further, it explores the moderating role of green innovation on the nexus between FDI and ecological footprint. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the Driscoll–Kraay (DK) standard error panel regression technique to examine the long-run elasticities amongst the variables for the group of emerging countries, BRICS and Next-11, during the period of 1992 to 2018. Further, statistical robustness is demonstrated using the fully modified ordinary least squares technique. Findings: The empirical finding shows that FDI degrades environmental quality by raising the ecological footprint. Thus, it proves that FDI is a source of pollution haven in BRICS and Next-11 countries. However, green innovation negatively moderates the relationship between FDI and ecological footprint. That means the joint impact of green innovation, and FDI proves the presence of the pollution halo hypothesis. Further, renewable energy consumption is reducing the ecological footprint, but economic growth and industrialisation are worsening the environmental quality. Practical implications: This study offers policy implications for governments and policymakers to promote environmental sustainability by improving green innovation and allowing FDI that encourages clean and advanced technology. Originality/value: No prior studies examine the moderating role of green innovation on the relationship between FDI and ecological footprint in the context of emerging countries. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.Item The relevance of renewable energy and green innovation in environmental sustainability: evidence from BRICS countries(Inderscience Publishers, 2025) Padhan, L.; Bhat, S.The study examines the significance of green innovation and renewable energy usage in reducing the carbon and ecological footprints in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) countries. It applies a series of econometric techniques and the Driscoll-Kraay standard errors regression approach to data collected between 1995 and 2018 based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Important macroeconomic control variables, such as industrialisation, urbanisation, financial development, trade openness, and natural resources, are also used to strengthen the model. Empirical results show that a 1% increase in green innovation reduces the carbon and ecological footprint by 0.229% and 0.226%, respectively. Further, increasing renewable energy consumption by 1% decreases the carbon and ecological footprints by 0.024% and 0.032%, respectively. Furthermore, the empirical findings support the EKC hypothesis. The study has important policy implications for governments and policymakers of emerging countries to invest more in green innovation and promote renewable energy. © © 2025 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.Item Analysing the role of globalisation, institutional qualities, and renewable energy consumption in environmental degradation mitigation: the SAARC experience(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Padhan, L.; Bhat, S.The main purpose of this work is to investigate the impacts of four different dimensions of globalisation (financial, trade, social, and political), institutional qualities, and renewable energy consumption on ecological footprints and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. For quantitative analysis, this study includes yearly data from 1995 to 2020 for five South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) nations: Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC countries are the most vulnerable to climate change and fast economic transitions. The study employs the second-generation panel unit root test, the Westerlund cointegration technique, and the Driscoll-Kraay (DK) Standard Errors regression technique. The study shows that social globalisation, institutional quality, renewable energy consumption, and industrialisation benefit the environment by lowering the ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. Trade and political globalisation are harmful to the environment as both indicators have a significant positive impact on ecological footprint and CO2 emissions. Financial globalisation has a significant negative impact on only CO2 emissions and is not significant in the case of ecological footprint. Further, the empirical estimates validate the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis concerning ecological footprints and CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the robustness of long-term outcomes has been examined using the FMOLS and DOLS techniques. The present work suggests that SAARC countries can achieve a cleaner environment by adopting renewable energy, implementing strong institutional qualities, and promoting efficient technologies through globalisation. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2023.