Faculty Publications
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Item Polysulfone/N-phthaloylchitosan novel composite membranes for salt rejection application(2011) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Wanichapichart, P.N-phthaloylchitosan (CS) was synthesized by the reaction of chitosan with phthalic anhydride in dimethyl formamide. Different compositions of polysulfone (PSf) and N-phthaloylchitosan were used to prepare novel polysulfone/N-phthaloylchitosan (PSf/CS) composite membranes by phase inversion method. The composition ratios between the former and the latter were 80:20, 85:15, 90:10, and 95:5. Water flux results revealed that, PSf:CS 80:20 membrane is found to have greatest effective pore area while PSf:CS 95:05 membrane has the smallest value. The pore area is found to be larger with the increase in CS composition. In addition, its water swelling property increases with the increase of CS composition. Water flux results are in consistent with dielectric constant value. Use of known molecular weight of polyethylene glycol rejection study, revealed that, PSf:CS 95:05 membrane possessed the smallest pore size among these membranes. In conclusion, change of ratio between PSf and CS, considerably affects membrane pore size and hydrophilicity. For salt filtration, membrane PSf:CS 95:05 showed 93%, 76.11% and 70.12% rejection of MgSO4, Na2SO4, and NaCl, respectively. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis, characterization and desalination study of novel PSAB and mPSAB blend membranes with Polysulfone (PSf)(2012) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdullah, M.S.The present paper describes the synthesis of poly sulphonyl amino benzamide (PSAB) and methyalated poly sulphonyl amino benzamide (mPSAB) polymer, using terephthalic acid chloride and substituted 4-amino-1-benzensulphonmide in N-methyl-. 2-pyrrolidone. Polymers were characterized by FT-IR, NMR and GPC. Polysulfone composite membranes were prepared using these novel poymers by DIPS (Diffusion Induced Phase Seperation) method. These composite membranes are useful for water purification with special emphasis on sea water desalination. Newly prepared membranes were studied for salt rejection, water flux, molecular weight cut off by PEG solution, effect of the pH on water swelling and salt rejection and flux decline was also studied. 30 to 70% of the salt rejection was observed in all membranes. Effect of the dilution on salt rejection was studied using different concentration of NaCl solution varying from 1000. ppm to 3500. ppm. All the membranes showed 80% rejection for PEG having 1000. Da molecular weight. Contact angle and water swelling was measured to determine hydrophilicity of the membrane. Water swelling and salt rejection in different pH was also studied. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of sulfonated polysulfone and N-phthloyl chitosan blend composite cation-exchange membrane for desalination(2012) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Wanichapichart, P.; A.F., A.F.Sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf) was prepared and used as a polymer matrix for cation-exchange membranes (CEM). The sulfonation reaction was carried out at room temperature and the degree of sulfonation was calculated by titration method. Blend composite membranes were prepared using different ratios of sPSf and modified chitosan (CS). Membrane properties were studied in terms of water flux, water swelling ratio, molecular weight cut off (MWCO), ion-exchange capacity (IEC) and contact angle measurement. Charge on the membrane was confirmed by ionic diffusion potential (DP). It was observed that, DP increased with the increase in the concentration of sPSf. The membrane sPSf:CS 60:40 showed 1000Da MWCO, 14.6mV diffusion potential (DP) and 0.083mM/g of IEC. Similarly sPSf:CS 90:10 showed 10,000Da MWCO, 71.7mV diffusion potential (DP) and 0.176mM/g of IEC. Moreover, membrane sPSf:CS 60:40 showed 93%, 89% and 69% for MgSO 4, Na 2SO 4 and NaCl rejection respectively. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and characterization of polysulfone and modified poly isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride blend NF membrane(2012) Ganesh, B.M.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.Recently nanofiltration (NF) is gaining more importance for water treatment. It is replacing the conventional method of water treatment due to advantages of NF membranes over RO system. In this work, we are discussing the preparation of NF membrane for desalination of sea water. We herein report the synthesis of polymer, by the reaction of p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) and poly isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride (PIAM) and its blend membrane preparation with polysulfone (PSf). The new membranes were characterized by SEM images, surface wettability to investigate the hydrophilic nature of the membrane, water swelling, pure water flux, molecular weight cut-off and salt rejection of the membranes. The membranes showed nano size (<50nm) pores in SEM image, and the contact angle data revealed that membrane surface is moderately hydrophilic. Membrane with 70:30 (PSf:modified PIAM) composition has shown good salt rejection of 96% at 200kPa for 3500ppm of NaCl solution with a pure water flux of 38.36Lm -2h -1. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis, characterization and desalination study of composite NF membranes of novel Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (PASB) and methyalated Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (mPASB) with Polysulfone (PSf)(2013) Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, R.; A.F., A.F.; Matsuura, T.In the present investigation, Poly [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]butanediamide (PASB) and methylated Poly[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl] butanediamide (mPASB) polymers were synthesized, using succinyl chloride and substituted 4-amino-1-benzenesulphonamide. Polysulfone composite membranes were prepared by blending these novel polymers by Diffusion Induced Phase Separation (DIPS) method. The performance of the membrane was studied in terms of salt rejection, water flux and molecular weight cutoff. The prepared membranes were hydrophilic in nature, which was confirmed by water uptake studies and contact angle measurement. All the membranes showed 1000. Da molecular weight cutoff. A maximum NaCl rejection of 52% was observed in some of the membranes. The effect of feed NaCl concentration on the NaCl rejection was also studied. The resistance of the membranes in a wide pH range was studied by water uptake measurement. Antifouling properties of the membranes were also performed using Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) solution. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis and characterization of novel sulfanilic acid-polyvinyl chloride-polysulfone blend membranes for metal ion rejection(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Nayak, V.; Jyothi, M.S.; Balakrishna, R.G.; Padaki, M.; Isloor, A.M.Near-complete removal of heavy metals, namely Cd(ii), Cr(vi) and Pb(ii), has been attempted by a membrane purification process using a blend of modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polysulfone (PSf), prepared by the diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS) method. The prepared novel material was characterized by NMR, ATR-IR spectroscopy and DSC. The sulphonyl groups incorporated into PVC enhance the hydrophilicity and are substantiated by water uptake, contact angle (CA) and flux studies. The obtained properties of the blend membrane like increased surface roughness and porosity are observed from AFM and SEM analysis. An enhanced rejection of ?95% which is about 1.15, 1.41 and 1.37 times better than the commercially available NF 270 membrane was observed, for Cd(ii), Cr(vi) and Pb(ii) respectively. The work was further extended to study the antifouling property and the interference of other existing metal ions on the performance. An improved antifouling property with 98.5% rejection for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and a 75.6% flux recovery ratio (FRR) was achieved. The study gains significance in exploring the incorporation of sulphonyl groups in to polymers, to enhance membrane performance. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.Item Favorable influence of mPIAM on PSf blend membranes for ion rejection(Elsevier B.V., 2017) Jyothi, M.S.; Soontarapa, K.; Padaki, M.; Balakrishna, R.G.; Isloor, A.M.The study reports the use of a novel membrane for heavy metal removal and salt rejection. Poly isobutylene alt maleic anhydride (PIAM) modified by sulfanilic acid is blended with polysulfone (PSf) in different concentrations. This induces surface charge and hydrophillicity in the otherwise hydrophobic PSf membranes. The so modified polymers and their blends are characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Blend membranes show drastically enhanced performance with respect to water flux, water uptake and ion exchange capacity. SEM micrographs indicate the hydrophilic domains, –SO3H groups in the polymer to have formed cavities during phase inversion process, thus enhancing permeability. 100% rejection of PEG 2000 and 59% of NaCl rejection substantiated the nature of the membrane to be nanofiltration (NF) type. The prepared membranes were further evaluated for Cr (VI) removal, with removal efficiency reaching above 92%. The electronic coupling that occurs between SO3H? and Na+ and the electrostatic interaction between metal ions and the charge on membrane facilitates NaCl and Cr (VI) rejection respectively. The study gains significance in use of such modified PIAM as blend material with any other polymer to enhance the native properties of the blend membrane. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.Item Hydrophilic polydopamine/polyvinylpyrrolidone blended polyphenylsulfone hollow fiber membranes for the removal of arsenic-V from water(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Kumar, M.; Isloor, A.M.; Nayak, M.C.S.; Todeti, S.R.; Padaki, M.; A.F., A.F.The demand for fresh drinking water is sky rocketing with the world's increasing population, urbanization and various industrial growth. However, toxic heavy metals and metalloids like arsenic is contaminating the drinking water. Arsenic is poisonous, carcinogenic and mutagenic for millions of population. We hereby proposing in-house fabricated novel hollow fiber membranes using polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) and pore-forming agent polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) along with increased concentrations of bio-inspired hydrophilic additive polydopamine (PDA) for removal of arsenic-V from the drinking water. The crystallinity of PDA was interpreted by X-ray diffraction. The morphology, topology and membrane surface chemistry of fabricated membranes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that, for the PDA-contained membranes overall performance was increased in terms of membrane hydrophilic characteristics and rejection efficacy. A 3 wt% of PDA in PPSU/PVP (PDA-3) executed enhanced arsenate (As-V) removal as high as 87.15% with flux of 31.80 L/m2h, which was higher than the neat membrane (PDA-0) as 67.70% with flux of 15.07 L/m2h for 5 mL/L arsenic-V aqueous solution at 0.2 MPa transmembrane pressure. Improved antifouling properties were observed from PDA-contained hollow fiber membranes, as evidenced by the improved flux recovery ratio and superior thermal stability. The mechanical properties (tensile strength) of pristine and PDA-contained membranes was also investigated. © 2023Item The efficacy of Fe-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles as a supplement in polysulfone membranes for toxic dye removal(Institution of Chemical Engineers, 2024) Manikanta, P.; Naik, N.S.; Isloor, A.M.; Padaki, M.; Nagaraja, B.M.; Déon, S.ZrO2 nanoparticles fine-tuned with iron doping (5%Fe-ZrO2) were incorporated by the phase inversion method as a supplement in polysulfone (PSf) membrane medium for dye rejection. The prepared nanocomposite membranes were examined using a variety of characterisation techniques. The findings showed that adding 5%Fe-ZrO2 nanoparticles into the membrane matrix improved its permeability by reducing the contact angle and increasing hydrophilicity. The PSf nanocomposite membrane containing 1 wt% of 5%Fe-ZrO2 (M2) was found to exhibit a dye rejection efficiency of 99% for Eriochrome black-T (EBT) and 98% for Methylene blue (MB), with a flux of 10.2 ±1 LMH. The manufactured membranes can reject dyes and offer commendable productivity and selectivity, making them a popular choice for membrane applications. © 2024 The Institution of Chemical Engineers