Faculty Publications
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Item Model predictive control of three level buck/boost converter for bipolar DC microgrid applications(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2019) Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.Emergence of bipolar dc microgrids calls for the need of bipolar converter configurations for the integration of battery energy storage system (BESS), electric vehicle dc fast charging stations (EVCS) etc. This paper proposes model predictive control of a bipolar bidirectional buck/boost converter derived from three level converter (TLC) configuration in a bipolar dc microgrid. Bipolar dc microgrid is fed by power from solar PV systems and BESS. State space analysis is done and discrete model is developed. Simulation of the proposed system with model predictive control (MPC) is done in Simulink MATLAB and analysed for the voltage unbalance issues of bipolar dc microgrid under varying conditions of photovoltaic generations and load disturbance. From the simulation results, proposed converter with model predictive control technique gives faster response in mitigating the voltage unbalance and grid voltage regulation issues arising in bipolar dc microgrid. © 2019 IEEE.Item Predictive Control of Three Level Bidirectional Converter in Bipolar DC Microgrid for EV Charging Stations(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020) Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.This paper proposes model predictive control (MPC) of a bipolar bidirectional buck/boost converter derived from three level converter (TLC) configuration for integrating with electric vehicle charging station or battery energy storage system (BES) in bipolar dc microgrid structure. Bipolar dc microgrid considered here consists of two solar PV systems, dc loads and battery. The bidirectional power flow between grid and battery or EV charging stations is controlled considering the battery state of charge (SOC), total power generated and load demanded. Advantage of this converter is that it can address the dc grid voltage regulation and capacitance voltage balancing issues during variation of load and solar irradiation in bipolar dc microgrid. State space analysis is done and discrete model is developed. Simulation is done in Simulink MATLAB and analysed for voltage unbalance issues of bipolar dc microgrid under varying conditions of photovoltaic generations and load disturbance. Real time performance is tested and verified in hardware in loop environment using Typhoon HIL 402. © 2020 IEEE.Item Three-Level Boost Converter for EV Charging in Bipolar Microgrids(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024) Patil, V.S.; Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.The rapid expansion of microgrids, the surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption, and the widespread use of renewable energy systems have created an urgent need for a state-of-the-art DC-DC converter with regulated DC bus voltage. To meet this demand and revolutionize power regulation in EV charging stations within bipolar microgrid environments, a three-level boost converter (3-L BC) has been devised. The three-level boost converter is a game-changing interface for bipolar DC microgrids and batteries, handling diverse power levels in positive and negative DC buses. The converter features a closed-loop control system and an incremental conductance-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique to control power flow adeptly across the DC link poles. A proportional-integral (PI) controller is designed for each operating point using the k-factor approach. A small signal analysis determines the output voltage to the duty cycle transfer function. The PI controller generates a control signal for any operating point using the feedback signals and MPPT technique, thereby balancing the DC bus poles. An electric vehicle (EV) battery is linked to the DC bus for charging and discharging. The converter's performance is assessed using MATLAB/Simulink, and the results emphasize its crucial role in improving voltage stability, facilitating reliable EV charging infrastructure, and promoting sustainable energy practices. © 2024 IEEE.Item Model predictive controlled three-level bidirectional converter with voltage balancing capability for setting up EV fast charging stations in bipolar DC microgrid(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.Transportation electrification and charging infrastructure development has to gain momentum in order to go hand-in-hand with the fast advances in the electric vehicle technology. Setting up dc fast charging stations connected to bipolar DC microgrid is a great viable option to utilize the distributed energy resources for transportation electrification. It also helps to eliminate power quality issues in ac grid that may arise due to the unpredictable charging/discharging behaviour of EVs. This paper focuses on model predictive control of a three-level bidirectional dc–dc converter suitable for interconnecting bipolar DC microgrid with dc fast charging stations or battery energy storage. State space analysis is done, and discrete model is developed. Simulation of the proposed system with model predictive control is done in Simulink MATLAB. Real-time hardware in loop performance is tested and verified using Typhoon HIL 402. The proposed converter is able to mitigate the voltage unbalance issues arising in the bipolar DC microgrid and is capable of controlling bidirectional power flow, hence suitable for V2G/G2Voperation. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Item Operation and control of multiple electric vehicle load profiles in bipolar microgrid with photovoltaic and battery energy systems(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Nisha, K.S.; Gaonkar, D.N.; Sabhahit, N.S.Charging of electric vehicles is going to be a major electrical load in the near future, as more and more population shift to electric auto-motives from conventional internal combusted engine-powered vehicles. Integration of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) might even burden the existing grid to a point of collapse or grid failure. Establishing charging stations interfaced with bipolar DC microgrids along the roads and highways is the most realistic and feasible solution to avoid the overburdening of the existing power system. The bipolar DC microgrid is a far better microgrid structure than the unipolar microgrid structure in many aspects like reliability, flexibility, and controllability. It can provide multiple voltage level interfaces according to the load demands, which is very apt for different charging levels of electric vehicles (EVs). Operation of multiple sources and multiple loads connected to bipolar DC microgrid will affect DC voltage regulation, capacitance-voltage balancing, and overall stable operation of the grid. In order to mitigate these power quality problems arising in multi-node bipolar DC microgrids, a decentralized model predictive control is proposed in this paper. EV charging load profiles are modeled and developed by considering standard driving cycles, state of charge, and power demand of multiple vehicles to study the effect of unpredictable varying EV loads in the bipolar DC microgrid. EVCS thus modeled are connected to solar photovoltaic-battery energy storage fed bipolar DC microgrid with three-level/bipolar converters and analyzed under dynamic conditions for capacitance–voltage unbalance mitigation, voltage regulation, and the stability of operation with model predictive control. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the system. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd