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Item Stimulus response experiments are conducted in four different rectangular columns having two and three spout cells. A pink-coloured polymer material is used as bed material with ambient air as the spouting fluid. A pulse input of dark blue colour polymer material is used as the stimulus, when the column is operating under steady flow conditions, and the response measured. A mathematical model 'plug flow-mixed flow in series' is used to fit the experimental data and the model parameters are evaluated.(Can Soc for Chem Eng, Mixing behaviour of solids in multiple spouted beds) Saidutta, M.B.; Murthy, D.V.R.2000Item An analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane modules: Part II - Experimental validation(2011) Sundaramoorthy, S.; Srinivasan, G.; Murthy, D.V.R.This paper presents the experimental studies carried out for validation of a new mathematical model [1] developed for predicting the performance of spiral wound RO modules. Experiments were conducted on a laboratory scale spiral wound RO module taking chlorophenol as a model solute. Experiments were carried out by varying feed flow rate, feed concentration and feed pressure and recording the readings of permeate concentration, retentate flow rate, retentate concentration and retentate pressure. A total of 73 experimental readings were recorded. The membrane transport parameters Aw (solvent transport coefficient) and Bs (solute transport coefficient) and the feed channel friction parameter b were estimated by a graphical technique developed in this work. The mass transfer coefficient k, estimated using the experimental data, was found to be strongly influenced by solvent flux and solute concentration apart from the fluid velocity. Taking the effects of solvent flux, solute concentration and fluid velocity, a new mass transfer correlation for Sherwood number is proposed in this work for the estimation of mass transfer coefficient. Comparison of model predictions with experimental observations demonstrated that the model was capable of predicting permeate concentration within 10% error, retentate rate flow within 4% error and rejection coefficient within 5% error. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Item Validation of an analytical model for spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane module using experimental data on the removal of dimethylphenol(2011) Srinivasan, G.; Sundaramoorthy, S.; Murthy, D.V.R.A new analytical model for spiral wound RO module has been recently proposed by Sundaramoorthy et al. [1] and the same has been validated [2] with experimental data obtained on a laboratory scale RO unit used for the removal of chlorophenol. In this paper, the need to check the validity of this model with solutes other than chlorophenol is addressed by conducting suitable experiments with dimethylphenol as solute and validating this experimental data with the model. The four model parameters namely solvent transport coefficient Aw, solute transport coefficient Bs, feed channel friction parameter b and the mass transfer coefficient k were estimated. The results show that the mass transfer coefficient is influenced not only by fluid velocity but also by the solvent flux and solute concentration. A new correlation for mass transfer coefficient k, proposed by Sundaramoorthy et al. [2] for experimental data taken with chlorophenol as solute is also shown to be consistent with the experimental readings recorded in this study taking dimethylphenol as solute. Comparison of model predictions with the experimental observations demonstrated the capability of the model in predicting permeate concentration within 12% error, retentate flow within 5% error and rejection coefficient within 2% error. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.Item An analytical model for spiral wound Reverse Osmosis membrane modules: Part I - Model development and parameter estimation(2011) Sundaramoorthy, S.; Srinivasan, G.; Murthy, D.V.R.A mathematical model for spiral wound Reverse Osmosis membrane module is presented in this work. The model incorporates spatial variations of pressure, flow and solute concentration in the feed channel and uniform conditions of pressure in the permeate channel. Assuming solution-diffusion model to be valid, explicit analytical equations were derived for spatial variations of pressure, flow, solvent flux and solute concentration on the feed channel side of the module. Analytical procedures for estimation of model parameters were presented. Graphical linear fit methods were developed for estimation of parameters Aw (solvent transport coefficient), Bs (solute transport coefficient) and b (feed channel friction parameter). The mass transfer coefficient k was assumed to vary along the length of the feed channel with varying conditions of flow, solute concentration and pressure. Explicit analytical equations for estimation of mass transfer coefficient were presented. In this paper (Part I), theoretical studies on development of mathematical model and methods for estimation of model parameters are presented. In Part II of this paper series [1], Studies on validation of this model with experimental data are presented. The studies cover experimental work on a spiral wound RO module with an organic compound namely chlorophenol as a solute. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.