Faculty Publications
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Item Study on Travel Time Characteristics of Hubli-Dharwad Bus Rapid Transit System in Comparison with Heterogeneous Traffic Lane(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Halyal, S.; Mulangi, R.H.; Harsha, M.M.; Laddha, H.Bus Rapid Transit System, which is also known as BRTS, is a very effective transit system in terms of travel time reduction. It has advantages compared to conventional road-based public transport like dedicated lane and pre-board fare collections. In the current study, performance-based travel time characteristics like travel time and travel speeds are evaluated by conducting the speed and delay survey for the BRT buses and private vehicles separately. The survey was performed by moving the car observation method to find out travel time and respective delays that are currently hampering the operations. Speed and delay survey for BRT buses was performed through the manual observation by travelling in the bus. Based upon the study, it has been found that there is a positive side effect of a dedicated corridor on the operation of BRTS buses, as obtained trial running speed values are almost very near to measured free-flow speed values on the selected study corridors. Meanwhile, it has been observed that the BRTS bus operation has faced many delays due to bus bunching, dwell time at the stations and delays at the intersections but delays occurring at the stations have contributed major proportion in the total delay. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.Item Analyzing the Heterogeneity in Public Transit Demand: Impact of Spatial and Temporal Attributes(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Shanthappa, N.K.; Mulangi, R.H.; Venkateswari, N.P.The usage of personal vehicles is causing several issues like traffic congestion, greenhouse gas emissions, and massive energy consumption. These issues can be alleviated by implementing a public bus transport system. But the irregular frequency of buses and longer waiting times are diminishing the attractiveness of public bus transportation in India. To implement an affordable and efficient public transport system, it is necessary to understand the heterogeneity of public transit demand under different conditions. Limited scholarly exploration on the impact of spatial and temporal characteristics on the heterogeneity of public transit demand under Indian conditions. This paper aims to measure public transit demand heterogeneity using the coefficient of variation of transit demand, which is defined as a ratio of standard deviation to mean. Spatial, temporal, and weather characteristics are considered to analyze their influence on the heterogeneity of public transit demand. The statistical variability analysis is performed using Electronic Ticketing Machine (ETM) data, weather data, and bus network data. The results indicate that the combined impact of weather conditions and the built environment has a stronger influence on the variability in Public Transit Demand (PTD) than each factor individually. Based on the analyses, it is recommended to change the service type to improve the transport system's efficiency. This study suggests the importance of incorporating spatial, temporal, and weather characteristics. This study can help stakeholders to optimize public transport networks and schedule service frequency. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.Item Probability distributions analysis of travel time variability for the public transit system(KeAi Communications Co., 2022) Harsha, H.; Mulangi, R.H.Travel time variability (TTV) plays a significant role in analysing the reliability of public transit system. The research works carried out on travel time variability under Indian traffic conditions are very few and these studies did not analyse the performance of travel time distribution in detail, considering different temporal and spatial aggregations. In this study, travel time variability is analysed using travel time distributions considering different temporal and spatial aggregations. The Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data of four transit routes of Mysore City, Karnataka, India are used to evaluate travel time distributions with respect to temporal aggregations (peak period, off-peak period, 60 minutes, 30 minutes and 15 minutes) and spatial aggregations (route level and segment level). The performance of travel time distributions is analysed using the Anderson-Darling (AD) test. The segments with signalised intersections and different land-use types are analysed to evaluate the distribution fit for various conditions. The results of both route and segment level analysis report highest accuracy and robustness values for Generalised Extreme Value (GEV) distribution. The distribution is proved to be superior in describing travel time variability of public transit. © 2021 Tongji University and Tongji University PressItem Visualization and Assessment of the Effect of Roadworks on Traffic Congestion Using AVL Data of Public Transit(Springer Nature, 2022) Harsha, H.; Mulangi, R.H.; Kulkarni, V.Congestion-free movement of traffic during peak hours in urban areas is rarely witnessed nowadays. Several factors are responsible for traffic congestion, and a large amount of reliable data is necessary to investigate them. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of automated vehicle location (AVL) data of public transit in evaluating the effect of route diversion due to roadworks on traffic congestion. The public transit vehicle data from Mysore intelligent transport system were used for the purpose. In the preliminary analysis, the spatiotemporal variations in the speed data of public transit were visualized using spatiotemporal speed plots. A comparison study of traffic states in an urban street and an arterial road was conducted using a visualization tool. The data from Inner Ring Road of Mysore city were used to evaluate the effect of roadworks on traffic congestion. The road links of Inner Ring Road were evaluated for two scenarios: normal scenario and route diversion scenario. The results revealed that the spatiotemporal visualization technique can be used to diagnose the changes in traffic congestion, especially near intersections and bus stops. It is concluded that the AVL data from public transit buses proves to be a potential data source for traffic state prediction and evaluation of traffic congestion. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Item Application of Public Transit AVL Data for Evaluation of Delay Variability(Institute for Transport Studies in the European Economic Integration, 2023) Harsha, M.M.; Mulangi, R.H.; Panditharadhya, B.J.The travel time is the significant factor in evaluating efficiency and performance of public transit system. A greater percentage of travel time is accounted by bus stop delays which depends on passenger count, bus stop characteristics, traffic condition, bus performance, etc. Many of the Indian transit agencies store the passenger details stage wise not stop wise, which makes it difficult to evaluate delay variability at bus stop level. In this connection, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data from Intelligent Transport System (ITS) implemented at Mysore, India is considered for evaluating bus stop delay variability. The collected data is used for estimating delay at five stops by adopting trajectory-based formulation. The probability distributions have been utilized to model the variability in delay. The performance has been analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. The daily variability of delay at bus stops has been evaluated using Coefficient of Variation (COV). The results of the performance evaluation of delay distributions show that the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is the best descriptor of the delay variability in terms of accuracy, robustness, and survival capacity. In the absence of passenger data collection systems, method of evaluation of delay using AVL data presented in this study is helpful. © 2023 Institute for Transport Studies in the European Economic Integration. All rights reserved.Item Spatio-temporal analysis of public transit gps data: Application to traffic congestion evaluation(Aracne Editrice, 2024) Harsha, H.M.; Mulangi, R.H.Congestion free mobility has become nearly impossible in most of the metropolitan cities of India especially during peak hours. The understanding of factors inducing congestion demands huge amount of data pertaining to urban traffic. The developed countries have adopted different kinds of automatic data collection systems such as loop detectors, surveillance cameras and radars for the data collection of road traffic condition. In developing countries like India, the collection and monitoring of data related to movement of traffic stream are mostly manual, very time consuming and expensive. In India, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) has been implemented to Mysore City public transport in the year 2012. This study makes use of Global Positioning System (GPS) data of Mysore ITS. The major objective of the present study is to evaluate the congestion on urban roads using public transit GPS data with the help of visualization techniques. Spatio-temporal visualization-based analysis has been carried out to evaluate the traffic congestion patterns of urban roads. Initially, the comparison of traffic states on urban street and arterial road has been carried out. Later, the difference in congestion patterns before and after the operation of grade separator and the impact of route diversion on the congestion patterns have been evaluated. This study shows that public transit GPS data can be a potential data source to evaluate the traffic state or congestion, especially when there are limited sources of traffic data. © 2024, Aracne Editrice. All rights reserved.