Faculty Publications
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Item Mechanical properties of pavement quality concrete produced with reclaimed asphalt pavement aggregates(Springer, 2019) Panditharadhya, B.J.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.; Kumar, S.Production of conventional coarse aggregates for concrete works is getting difficult because of depleting natural resources and environmental ill effects. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) aggregates, which are produced from asphalt waste generated during removal of flexible pavement. The disposal problems of asphalt waste generated is also addressed with this step. The properties of RAP aggregates may vary with the source of waste generation and the age of the asphalt. This study is taken up to determine the strength characteristics of pavement quality concrete produced with RAP aggregates produced with asphalt waste generated at local road construction site. Properties such as compression strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength, split tensile strength, and water absorption were determined for the specimen with varying percentage of RAP replacement. The asphalt waste was processed further with screening to obtain the required gradation. RAP aggregates were replaced with conventional aggregates by 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100%. Mix with 60% conventional granite aggregates and 40% RAP aggregates was found to satisfy the requirements of M30 grade concrete that can be used for producing concrete for constructing the roads with lower traffic volume. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.Item Study on strength and volume change behavior of expansive soil using non-traditional (bio-enzyme) and traditional (lime and bagasse ash) stabilizers(Springer, 2019) Chitragar, S.F.; Shivayogimath, C.B.; Mulangi, R.H.Roads are vital for the economic growth of a country. Keeping balance between performance and cost of the roads and at the same time fulfilling the environmental regulations is becoming a challenge for engineers to design road with poor engineering properties of soils like expansive soils. Present research work is focused on the study on strength and volume change behavior of soft soil using non-traditional stabilizer bio-enzyme and traditional stabilizers lime and bagasse ash. Recently, bio-enzymes have emerged as a new agent for soil stabilization. These enzymes have been proven to be effective, economical, and environmentally friendly. One such bio-enzyme, terrazyme, is selected to study its effect of Free Swell Index (FSI) of the soil with different dosages of bio-enzyme (i.e., 0, 100, 200, and 300 ml/cum of soil). Further, the effect of combination of traditional stabilizer like lime and bagasse ash with bio-enzyme is carried out. The study shows that the optimum dosage of stabilizers (i.e., terrazyme 300 ml/cum + bagasse ash 3% + lime 3%) gave significant increase in CBR value and significantly decreased in FSI values. Based on the laboratory tests, it can be concluded that the combination of additives can be considered as a potential stabilizers for expansive soils. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2019.Item Performance Evaluation of Premium Services in Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC)(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Hanumappa, D.; Ramachandran, P.; Sitharam, T.G.; Lakshamana, S.; Mulangi, R.H.In this paper we are measuring the performance of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) specifically aiming at premium bus services of BMTC operating in Bangalore city. The performance measurement of premium bus services is done using two different approaches. Ratios were computed considering different operational and financial indicators and these ratios are benchmarked by considering the best performing units as the target to compare the bus depots performance. Further we studied the performance of bus depots using data envelopment analysis (DEA). Our analysis indicated that most of the depots are efficient where as depot 13 have significant opportunities for improvements. © 2016 The Authors.Item Performance evaluation of ITS project on Mysore city bus transport operations(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Mulangi, R.H.Mysore public city bus transport is using intelligent transport system (ITS) to improve their operational efficiency and service to the commuters. Objective of this paper is to identify various parameters and propose methods to evaluate the performance of public transport before and after implementation of ITS by using quantitative data. ITS project has been implemented to Mysore City Transport Division (MCTD) in 2012 by Karnataka state road transport corporation (KSRTC). To measure the performance 2009-10, 2010-11, 2011-12 are considered as non-ITS period and 2012-13, 2013-14 are considered as ITS period. In this paper we present a nonparametric comparative efficiency analysis of 3 depots of MCTD of KSRTC. The present study quantitatively evaluates the performance of 3 depots of MCTD using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), with respect to the physical and financial parameters of the depots. It is found that the original efficiency scores are upward biased in DEA. To remove upward bias in DEA results bootstrapping is applied to DEA. Bootstrapped-DEA model has been developed and has shown the discrimination between the efficient and inefficient decision making units (DMUs) by removing the upward bias, which was not observed in DEA alone. This kind of analysis benefits the MCTD to set the benchmark to run the corporation in a profitable way. It is observed that conclude from quantitative data analysis is difficult, so qualitative data has been collected. This paper also discusses in detail the user and operator perception study, to know the impact of ITS implementation on Mysore city bus transportation by collecting the combination of revealed preference survey and stated preference survey data. These surveys reveal that the Mysore ITS project requires attention from the KSRTC. © 2017 IEEE.Item Electronic ticket machine data analytics for public bus transport planning(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Cyril, A.; George, V.; Mulangi, R.H.This paper investigates various aspects related to demand modeling and line-planning for bus transport systems based on data elicited from Electronic Ticket Machine (ETM). The ETM data has not been explored thoroughly for transportation planning although it is nowadays collected and compiled by public transport undertakings on a regular basis. The data used in the study is part of transactions on ticket sales by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) maintained at 6 bus depots in Trivandrum city for the period between 2010 and 2013. The data collected through ETM is immensely huge with average monthly passenger transactions of approximately one million. The database can be audited and compiled to determine the passenger demand, operator's performance, and effectiveness of the service provided. It is possible to determine the origin-destination (OD) matrix of the bus commuters by querying the ETM database using a specially developed program in MATLAB®. The OD data will assist in travel demand modelling, decision-making, and formulation of strategies for future preplanning of the transit system. The work presented in this paper provides details on the block-diagram developed for the formulation of the programme, and a demonstration of its capabilities. In a similar manner, it is also possible to determine the link-volume in terms of passenger flow on the transit network using a specially developed program. Additionally, it is also possible to elicit details on the load-rate with information on boarding and alighting of passengers at bus stops in addition to performance-related statistical details can be elicited from the ETM database. It is proposed to develop MATLAB® based programs for the same. The work described herein also includes description on the use of the time-series approach in short-term demand forecasting. The present work proposes a number of analytical methods that can be employed to derive information from ETM data for travel demand modeling, and strategic and operational planning of public transport. © 2017 IEEE.Item Modelling and Forecasting Bus Passenger Demand using Time Series Method(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Cyril, A.; Mulangi, R.H.; George, V.Public bus transport demand modelling and forecasting is important for decision-making, transport policy formulation, urban public transport planning and allocation of buses into the network. It is the key to the solutions for major transportation problems. In this paper, a univariate time series ARIMA model is used to forecast the inter-district public transport travel demand from Trivandrum to five other districts of Kerala. The data used in the study is a part of the transaction on ticket sales by Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) maintained at the Trivandrum central depot for the period between 2010 and 2013. ARIMA model is developed to predict the travel demand between the five district pairs and the demand is forecasted for future. The accuracy of the developed ARIMA model is demonstrated in the study by comparing the forecasted values with the actual demand observed in 2013. The results show that time series ARIMA model, which uses only historical data of passenger demand is accurate for zones which are dependent on each other and for short-term demand forecasting. © 2018 IEEE.Item Public Transit Travel Time Analysis Using GPS Data: A Case Study of Mysore ITS(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2018) Harsha, M.M.; Mulangi, R.H.A prominent research emphasis on Intelligent Transportation Systems in the present world of technologies is Big Data. The use of big data in many of the projects consisting of Intelligent Transportation Systems especially for public transit vehicles such as buses is currently a subject of interest for many researches. Public transit is of greater importance when it comes to the reduction of traffic congestion and delays in present scenario of rapid increase in private vehicles on the roads. The present study explains the intelligent transport technology applied to the public transit system of Mysore city. The system assists in the collection, storage and analysis of a large data using the latest tools of information technology. This study also tries to make use of the data obtained from Intelligent Transportation System, Mysore to analyze the performance of public transport system. The work involves retrieving of the Global Positioning System data from the database server and analyzing the travel time characteristics of public transit. The travel time data can be utilized for the improvement of service provided by the transit agencies. © 2018 IEEE.Item Mechanical properties of pavement quality concrete with secondary aluminium dross as partial replacement for ordinary portland cement(Institute of Physics Publishing helen.craven@iop.org, 2018) Panditharadhya, B.J.; Sampath, V.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.Innovative method of waste disposal can be through utilizing them in concrete production as a filler material or pozzolana. Aluminium dross is a by-product obtained from the aluminium re-smelting process. Aluminium waste is processed in rotary kilns to recover the metal and residual salt cake is sent to landfills. The present study investigates the utilization of secondary aluminium dross as a binder in producing the concrete. It is observed that the initial setting time of the cement paste increases and final setting time decreases with varying percentages of Aluminium dross replacement. This property makes it suitable for hot weather conditions. It was replaced in 5, 10, 15 and 20% of the weight of the cement and optimum dosage is found to be 15 %. The mechanical properties like Compression strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and water absorption of the M40 grade concrete were determined. It is observed that up to 15% replacement of cement by secondary aluminium dross is giving better results comparable with the conventional concrete. Results show that the Aluminium dross can be replaced as supplementary cementitious material in concrete with no compromise in the mechanical properties of the concrete. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Performance of Concrete Mix with Secondary Aluminium Dross as a Partial Replacement for Portland Pozzolana Cement(American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org 1801 Alexander Bell DriveGEO Reston VA 20191 Alabama, 2019) Panditharadhya, B.J.; Mulangi, R.H.; Ravi Shankar, A.U.; Amulya, S.The safety to our ecosystem can be assured by making use of many industrial wastes in a sustainable manner. Recycling and reutilisation of industrial waste and by-products is of high importance in cement and concrete industry. In view of rapid infrastructure growth, there is an emerging need for development of cementitious materials or fillers either to replace cement or fine aggregate for stable growth. One of such industrial wastes is secondary aluminium dross. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of concrete incorporated with secondary aluminium dross. Portland pozzolana cement has been partially replaced by secondary aluminium dross in various proportions like 5, 10, 15, and 20% to study the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption. It is observed that up to 15% replacement of cement by secondary aluminium dross is giving better results comparable with the conventional concrete. Also, the increase in initial setting time is observed with increase in percentage replacement of aluminium dross in the concrete which can make it preferable in case of hot weather conditions wherein the concreting for the roads has to be done in an open environment. From the overall study, it can be concluded that the concrete incorporated with secondary aluminium dross can be used for making pavement quality concrete that can sustain low traffic volume or it can be considered for rural roads. © 2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.Item Demand-Based Model for Line Planning in Public Transport(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Cyril, A.; Mulangi, R.H.; George, V.A public transport network serves the society effectively if it evolves in time according to the changes in the population. Urban transportation problems of Thiruvananthapuram, a typical Indian city, is mainly due to the lack of evolution of the planned network adhering to the rapid urbanization and motorization. These issues are managed by constructing more infrastructure, which act as the catalyst to major urban problems, rather than addressing the cause. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the public transport operational characteristics of a typical Indian City (Thiruvananthapuram) emphasizing on link load on the selected route. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for line planning problem which includes optimization of public transport lines using operator costs, user costs and crowding on the bus. It also includes the determination of peak and off-peak frequencies of the existing network lines considering the critical demand. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.