Faculty Publications
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Publications by NITK Faculty
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Item Studies on esters of coconut oil as fuel for LPG-Biodiesel dual fuel engine(American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York NY 10016-5990, 2003) Kapilan, N.; Reddy, R.P.; Mohanan, P.The rapid depletion in world petroleum reserves and uncertainty in petroleum supply due to political and economical reasons, as well as, the sharp escalation in the petroleum prices, have stimulated the search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels specially diesel and gasoline. Biodiesel is one of the renewable fuels, which will be the good replacement to diesel. But as a sole fuel, it gives poor performance and higher emissions. From the literature survey, it is observed that not much work has been done to use Methyl Ester (ME) of coconut oil as liquid fuel in sole and dual fuel mode of operation. Hence, in the present work, ME of coconut oil is chosen as a sole fuel to run the diesel engine and an alternative pilot fuel to run LPG-Biodiesel dual fuel engine. In dual fuel mode operation, LPG is used as the inducted gaseous fuel. LPG has been chosen as the inducted fuel on account of its easy availability in abundance in the present time. The existing compression ignition diesel engine was modified to work on dual fuel mode. Tests were carried out on a single cylinder, four strokes, water-cooled, direct injection, compression ignition engine using ME of coconut oil as fuel. To study the effect of injection timing, its is advanced and retarded from the standard injection timing recommended for diesel operation. From the results, it is observed that the advanced injection timing results in better performance and lower emissions of the diesel engine. In dual fuel mode operation, first the engine was started with ME of coconut oil as fuel and then the LPG flow rate was increased. With appropriate proportions of the injected (0.45, 0.65 and 0.75 kg/hr) and inducted fuels it is possible to improve the engine performance and reduce its emissions. From the experimental results, it is found that the pilot fuel rate of 0.65 kg/hr is preferred from the point view of brake thermal efficiency, fuel consumption and smooth running. ME of coconut oil were successfully used as sole fuel and pilot fuel. The performance and emission of the engine in sole fuel mode with better injection timing and dual fuel mode with better pilot quantity were compared. From the comparison, it is observed that the ME of coconut oil can be used as pilot fuel in dual fuel engine compared to sole fuel with regard to performance and emissions.Item Performance and emission studies of a LPG fueled spark ignition engine with steam induction(Korean Society of Combustion, 2013) Shankar, K.S.; Mohanan, P.In this study the combustion and emission characteristics of a conventional naturally aspirated, four-cylinder, multipoint port fuel injection S.I engine modified to run with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) injection along with steam induction are evaluated. Experiments are conducted at wide-open throttle condition and at a speed range of 2000 rpm to 4500 rpm with a static ignition timing of 6-degree bTDC. The steam flow rates of 10 to 25% of LPG flow rates (by mass) are used. The results with LPG and 25% steam induction at wide-open throttle condition and 3500 rpm indicates that the brake thermal efficiency has reduced by 2%, and the peak cylinder pressure has reduced by about 10 bar, with the location of the peak pressure being way from top dead centre when compared to LPG combustion. Oxides of nitrogen emission has reduced significantly with the induction of steam with a reduction of 45% when compared to LPG at 3500 rpm. The carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions at the above condition have increased marginally. Thus the induction of steam along with LPG has resulted in notable reduction in the oxides of nitrogen emissions with a slight reduction in engine performance.Item Experimental analysis of cardanol biofuel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines with air-side oxygen enrichment(Trans Tech Publications Ltd ttp@transtec.ch, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Kumar, D.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the effect of air-side oxygen concentration enrichment on the performance and emission of a single cylinder diesel engine using a bio-fuel blend as fuel. In this study, a natural phenolic compound, namely, cardanol is selected as the bio-fuel, which is obtained from the shell of cashew nut after purification. A blend of B10M10 (10% cardanol +10% methanol + 80% diesel by volume) is prepared and tested in the engine at various loading conditions. The experiments are carried out at atmospheric oxygen condition and an increment of 3, 5, and 7% of atmospheric oxygen concentration by weight. There is a drastic reduction in HC, CO, and smoke except for NOx emission. The level of NOx emission increases as the oxygen concentration in the intake air is increased. The performance characteristic will increase as the oxygen concentration increases, and higher brake thermal efficiency is obtained for B10M10 at 7% oxygen concentration. B10M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment gives better results, similar to diesel, except for NOx emission. © (2014) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.Item Combustion characteristics of diesel engine operating on jatropha oil methyl ester(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, karanji oil, etc., are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have reasonable energy content. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in diesel engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has combustion characteristics similar to petroleum diesel. The current paper reports a study carried out to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester and its blend B20 (80% petroleum diesel and 20% jatropha oil methyl ester) and diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injections, water cooled diesel engine. This study gives the comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, smoke opacity, HC, NOx, ignition delay, cylinder peak pressure, and peak heat release rates. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of blend B20 fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel fuel for injection timing of 20° bTDC, 23° bTDC and 26° bTDC at injection opening pressure of 220 bar.Item A study of the effect of injection pressure on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of cardanol biofuel blend fuelled compression ignition engine(John Wiley and Sons Ltd Southern Gate Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The use of biodiesel along with other alternative fuel sources is expected to address the twin problems of pollution and energy security. This study investigates the effect of injection pressure (IP) on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a four-stroke single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with a biofuel, namely cardanol-methanol-diesel blend (B20M10). The results are compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The biofuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% methanol, and 70% diesel) is used as fuel, and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics are investigated at IP levels of 180, 200, and 220 bar. The test results show that the optimum fuel IP is 220 bar with B20M10. At this optimized pressure, a reduction in CO, HC, and smoke emissions with an increase in the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) are noticed compared with 180 and 200 bar B20M10 operations. When compared with diesel (180 bar IP), B20M10 blend at 220 bar IP gives marginally lower BTE and lower CO and HC emissions, but oxides of nitrogen and smoke are slightly more. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Item Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.Item Part load characteristics of a DI diesel engine achieving HCCI mode of combustion with air preheating(IAEME Publication, 2017) Sumanlal, M.R.; Kumar, S.N.; Mohanan, P.The study focuses on the effect of diesel vapour induction on the engine performance and to try and achieve Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) mode of combustion in the engine. An existing Direct injection CI engine is modified to work as an HCCI engine by using a shell and tube heat exchanger which aids in the production of diesel vapour by utilising energy of exhaust gas. Different readings are taken for 50% and 75% load conditions. The effect of preheating of air is analysed by heating the inlet air by using a coil type heater. Preheating improved the brake thermal efficiency and brought down CO and HC emissions however it slightly increased NOx emissions. Induction of vapour was continued till the point where engine started to knock. Preheating of vapour was limited to 65°C due to continuous increase in NOx emissions. The best operating condition for each load was calculated and finally the optimum condition for the operation of HCCI engine was determined. © IAEME Publication.