Faculty Publications

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Author: search.filters.author.Mohanan, P.Subject: search.filters.subject.Engines

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    Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.
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    Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends
    (Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.
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    The effect of cordierite/Pt catalyst on the NOx reduction in a diesel and Jatropha bio-diesel operated single cylinder engine
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Kumar, A.P.M.; Sreekumar, J.S.; Mohanan, P.
    Bio-diesel is an alternative energy resource, which can be successfully used in diesel engines. One major disadvantage of using bio-diesel is the higher emission of NOx. Hence some after treatment devices have to be adopted to reduce NOx in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. In the current research work honeycomb structured circular Cordierite/Pt SCR catalyst is used as an aftertreatment device. Studies revealed that SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) catalyst exhibits better performance at a higher temperature range (>500 °C), which can be successfully used in Trucks and Buses. But many catalysts failed to exhibit better performance at a lower temperature range varies from 180 to 400 °C, which makes these catalysts unsuitable to use with light and medium duty vehicles. The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for light and medium duty vehicles and study the effect of SCR catalyst on bio-diesel blends in order to reduce NOx in a single cylinder diesel engine. The experimental work has been carried out using diesel and bio-diesel as a fuel and the NOx reduction is tabulated. The results are validated with CFD code AVL FIRE. The ammonia flow rate has been varied from 0.2 to 0.8 kg/h. It has been found that among all the blends B15 has shown maximum NOx conversion of 60% and NH3 conversion of 34%. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    An experimental investigation on performance and emission parameters of a multi-cylinder SI engine with gasoline–LPG dual fuel mode of operation
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2017) Nayak, V.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    The present study deals with the performance and emission characteristics of a multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) spark ignition (SI) engine in gasoline–liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) dual fuel mode of operation. The LPG–gasoline ratio varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at various speed and load conditions. Experiments show that the power output decreases with increase in speed and LPG content at lower load marginally due to lower volumetric efficiency. At higher load and lower speed conditions as the percentage of LPG increases there is not much difference in the power output. Results also reveal that 50% LPG flow gives maximum efficiency at full load condition and 4000 rpm due to lower fuel consumption. With 50% usage of LPG, the average increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) is 2% till the engine speed of 4000 rpm at full load (100%) and half load (50%) conditions. As the LPG ratio increases the engine will work in the lean region for all speed and load conditions. For all load and speed conditions, results reveal that 100% LPG will give minimum hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Oxide of nitrogen (NOX) emissions are higher for 100% LPG. However 50% LPG flow gives good agreement of NOX, HC and CO emissions when compared with gasoline operation. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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    Combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biofuel blends
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.
    The present study investigates the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a cardanol biofuel blend, namely B20M10 (20% cardanol, 70% diesel and 10% methanol by volume). The tests are conducted on a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine at different loading conditions. Intake air is enriched by 7% of the atmospheric oxygen concentration and exhaust gas is recirculated by 10, 15 and 20% of the total intake charge. Research results reveal that the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission decreases as the percentage of EGR increases from 0 to 20%. The results shows 11.8% lower NOx B20M10 at 7% oxygen enrichment and 20% EGR when compared to B20M10 without oxygen enrichment and 0% EGR. Higher carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke, and lower brake thermal efficiency are obtained for higher EGR percentages. From the studies it can be stated that B20M10 cardanol biofuel blend with 7% intake air oxygen enrichment and 15% EGR shows better reduction in NOx emissions with minimum penalty of performance and other emission characteristics. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.