Faculty Publications
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Item Combustion characteristics of diesel engine operating on jatropha oil methyl ester(Serbian Society of Heat Transfer Engineers, 2010) Dhananjaya, D.A.; Sudhir, C.V.; Mohanan, P.Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable oils. Vegetable oils can be produced from forests, vegetable oil crops, and oil bearing biomass materials. Non-edible vegetable oils such as jatropha oil, linseed oil, mahua oil, rice bran oil, karanji oil, etc., are potentially effective diesel substitute. Vegetable oils have reasonable energy content. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form or can be blended with diesel to form different blends. It can be used in diesel engines with very little or no engine modifications. This is because it has combustion characteristics similar to petroleum diesel. The current paper reports a study carried out to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of jatropha oil methyl ester and its blend B20 (80% petroleum diesel and 20% jatropha oil methyl ester) and diesel fuel on a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injections, water cooled diesel engine. This study gives the comparative measures of brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, smoke opacity, HC, NOx, ignition delay, cylinder peak pressure, and peak heat release rates. The engine performance in terms of higher thermal efficiency and lower emissions of blend B20 fuel operation was observed and compared with jatropha oil methyl ester and petroleum diesel fuel for injection timing of 20° bTDC, 23° bTDC and 26° bTDC at injection opening pressure of 220 bar.Item The experimental and simulation study of selective catalytic reduction system in a single cylinder diesel engine using NH3 as a reducing agent(Hindawi Publishing Corporation 410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, 287 pmb New York NY 10022, 2014) Athrashalil Phaily, M.K.; Sreekumar, S.J.; Mohanan, P.Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology has been widely used in automotive applications in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. The maximum NOx conversion efficiency of an SCR depends on temperature and mass flow rate of an exhaust gas. In order to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for low temperature application, an experimental work is carried out using single cylinder diesel engine for different load conditions by varying ammonia induction rate from 0.2 kg/hr to 0.8 kg/hr. The simulation is carried out using AVL FIRE for the validation of experimental results. From the study, it has been found that for 0.6 kg/hr ammonia induction rate the maximum conversion is achieved, whereas, for 0.8 kg/hr, conversion is reduced due to desorption of ammonia. Also it has been found that, at 75% of load, for all mass flow rates of ammonia the conversion was drastically reduced due to higher exhaust gas temperature and higher emission of unburnt hydrocarbons. More than 55% of NOx conversion was achieved using Cordierite/Pt catalyst at a temperature of 320°C. © 2014 Manoj Kumar Athrashalil Phaily et al.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission of single cylinder stationary CI engine fueled with cardanol diesel blends(Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014) Dinesha, P.; Nayak, V.; Mohanan, P.We investigated the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct-injection stationary diesel engine fueled with non- edible alternative fuel, namely, cardanol - diesel - methanol blend (B20M10). The results were compared with baseline diesel operations under standard operating conditions. The bio-fuel blend B20M10 (20% cardanol, 10% Methanol, and 70% diesel) was used as fuel and the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated by oxygen enriching of intake air with 3, 5, and 7 percentage by weight. With the increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO, HC, and smoke were found to be decreased. But BTE and NOx emission were considerably increased. The blended fuel B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air was compared with diesel operation. The results show a 0.5% lesser BTE, 28% more NOx emission at full load condition. There is not much variation of smoke emission to be noticed for this fuel combination compared to diesel. © 2014 The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Item Evaluation of combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with bio-fuel produced from cashew nut shell liquid(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Presently, energy security and food security are two major problems of developing countries. The use of edible oils as an alternative fuel for internal combustion may lead to a food crisis. The non-edible plant-based alternative fuel not only results in energy security but also helps to keep the environment free from pollution. In this experimental investigation, a non-edible plant-based bio-fuel cardanol produced from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) is used to study the combustion, performance and emissions of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test conditions of the engine are 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC injection timing. The bio-fuel blends B10M10 (10% cardanol + 80% diesel + 10% methanol), B20M10, and B30M10 (30% cardanol + 60% diesel + 10% methanol) were tested at 25%, 50%, 75%, and full load conditions. The results were compared with baseline diesel operation. From the experimental work, it was observed that the brake thermal efficiency of B10M10 and B20M10 (20% cardanol + 70% diesel + 10% methanol) is comparatively similar to that of diesel. The lower emissions of CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke are encouraging to recognize B20M10 as an optimized fuel blend for a compression ignition engine at 200 bar injection pressure and 27.5 degree bTDC. The significant factors of cardanol bio-fuel include its low cost, non-edible, abundance, and it is a by-product of the cashew nut industries. © © 2015 Taylor & Francis.Item Effect of oxygen enrichment of intake air on the performance and emission of single cylinder CI engine fueled with cardanol blends(Taylor and Francis Inc. 325 Chestnut St, Suite 800 Philadelphia PA 19106, 2015) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.In this study, the effect of intake air enrichment on the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine fueled with non edible oil namely Cardanol-diesel-methanol blend (B20M10) are investigated. With increase of intake air oxygen concentration, CO and HC decreased while brake thermal efficiency and NOx considerably increased. The maximum Brake Thermal Efficiency of 33.98% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment of intake air. Maximum NOx emission 20% is obtained for B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment for the full load condition. Decreases of 20% and 14.5% in CO emission are obtained for B20M10, over B20M10 with 7% oxygen enrichment, where as 76.8% and 74% decrease in hydrocarbon emission is obtained over B20M10 without oxygen enrichment.Item The effect of cordierite/Pt catalyst on the NOx reduction in a diesel and Jatropha bio-diesel operated single cylinder engine(Elsevier Ltd, 2015) Kumar, A.P.M.; Sreekumar, J.S.; Mohanan, P.Bio-diesel is an alternative energy resource, which can be successfully used in diesel engines. One major disadvantage of using bio-diesel is the higher emission of NOx. Hence some after treatment devices have to be adopted to reduce NOx in order to meet the stringent limits on emission standards. In the current research work honeycomb structured circular Cordierite/Pt SCR catalyst is used as an aftertreatment device. Studies revealed that SCR (Selective catalytic reduction) catalyst exhibits better performance at a higher temperature range (>500 °C), which can be successfully used in Trucks and Buses. But many catalysts failed to exhibit better performance at a lower temperature range varies from 180 to 400 °C, which makes these catalysts unsuitable to use with light and medium duty vehicles. The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of Cordierite/Pt catalyst for light and medium duty vehicles and study the effect of SCR catalyst on bio-diesel blends in order to reduce NOx in a single cylinder diesel engine. The experimental work has been carried out using diesel and bio-diesel as a fuel and the NOx reduction is tabulated. The results are validated with CFD code AVL FIRE. The ammonia flow rate has been varied from 0.2 to 0.8 kg/h. It has been found that among all the blends B15 has shown maximum NOx conversion of 60% and NH3 conversion of 34%. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biofuel blends(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.The present study investigates the combined effect of oxygen enrichment and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance and emission characteristics of a cardanol biofuel blend, namely B20M10 (20% cardanol, 70% diesel and 10% methanol by volume). The tests are conducted on a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine at different loading conditions. Intake air is enriched by 7% of the atmospheric oxygen concentration and exhaust gas is recirculated by 10, 15 and 20% of the total intake charge. Research results reveal that the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emission decreases as the percentage of EGR increases from 0 to 20%. The results shows 11.8% lower NOx B20M10 at 7% oxygen enrichment and 20% EGR when compared to B20M10 without oxygen enrichment and 0% EGR. Higher carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) and smoke, and lower brake thermal efficiency are obtained for higher EGR percentages. From the studies it can be stated that B20M10 cardanol biofuel blend with 7% intake air oxygen enrichment and 15% EGR shows better reduction in NOx emissions with minimum penalty of performance and other emission characteristics. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Effect of varying 9-Octadecenoic acid (oleic fatty acid) content in biofuel on the performance and emission of a compression ignition engine at varying compression ratio(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Dinesha, P.; Jagannath, K.; Mohanan, P.The 9-Octadecenoic acid (oleic fatty acid) content of vegetable oil seeds can be altered by mutagenesis, thereby increasing its content in the oil, for the purpose of increasing shelf life. In this work, the effect of varying the oleic acid content in ester on the performance and emission of a CI engine was examined. For this purpose, the situation was simulated by adding commercially available 9-Octadecenoic acid to pongamia ester; in terms of different percentages, the experiments were conducted with 10% and 20% extra oleic acid, at 16, 17, 17.5 and 18 compression ratio (CR). The results indicate that the smoke emission and BSEC increase with increase in oleic acid content, whereas the BTE and NOx decrease with increased proportions of oleic acid for all CRs. Pongamia methyl ester with 10% extra oleic acid at 17 CR results in lower NOx when compared to neat pongamia methyl ester at a normal CR of 17.5. Smoke emission increases with extra oleic acid content for all CRs; however, it is minimum at 17 CR for 10% extra oleic acid. From the research it is concluded that pongamia methyl ester with 10% extra oleic acid at 17 CR results in better performance and emission. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Cycle by cycle variations of LPG-gasoline dual fuel on a multi-cylinder MPFI gasoline engine(Taylor and Francis Ltd. michael.wagreich@univie.ac.at, 2018) Vighnesha, N.; Shankar, K.S.; Dinesha, P.; Mohanan, P.Combustion stability of a multipoint port fuel injection spark ignition engine working on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-gasoline dual fuel mode of operation was analysed. LPG-gasoline ratio was varied from 0 to 100% by controlling the injector signals at wide open throttle condition and 3000 RPM. Increasing LPG ratio will give higher peak pressure and higher indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) because of the higher flame propagation speed of LPG. The experiment showed that maximum pressure will occur nearer to top dead centre when compared to gasoline. Fluctuation in maximum pressure is higher for LPG and is minimum for 50% LPG. Time return map showed that combustion instabilibity will be more for 100% LPG and is less for 50% LPG. Coefficient of variation of IMEP and maximum pressure for gasoline is higher than LPG. With 100% LPG, NOx emission is almost three times that of gasoline. Hence it can be concluded that 50% LPG will give the better combustion characteristics when compared to other fuel blends. © 2017, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.