Faculty Publications
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Item Photocatalytic degradation of Irgalite violet dye using nickel ferrite nanoparticles(IWA Publishing 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS, 2019) Vijay, S.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.; Rene, E.R.; Uddandarao, P.Nanotechnologies have prominent applications in the field of science and technology owing to their size-tunable properties providing a promising approach for degradation of various pollutants. In this scenario, the present work aims to study the effect of nickel ferrite nanoparticles on the degradation of Irgalite violet dye by Fenton’s reaction using oxalic acid as an oxidizing agent in the presence of sunlight. The effect of pH and adsorbent dosage on the rate of dye degradation was monitored. Based on these studies it was observed that 99% dye degradation was achieved for catalyst dosage of 0.2 g, 400 ppm dye concentration and 2.0 mM oxalic acid at pH 3.0 within 60 min. The studies reveal that the degradation follows pseudo-first-order kinetics and the catalyst reusability remained constant almost for five cycles. Further, nickel ferrite nanoparticles are proven to be an efficient alternative for the removal of dyes from coloured solutions. © IWA Publishing 2019Item Adsorption of selective fluoroquinolones by cysteine modified silane magnetic nanocomposite from the aqueous phase(Institute for Ionics, 2023) Senathiraja, T.; Lolla, S.A.; Singh, Y.; Kollarahithlu, S.C.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.Elevated levels of pharmaceutical pollutants in the aquatic environment have caused detrimental effects on water quality and biodiversity. Nanomaterials are among the most promising technologies to detect, adsorb, and remove these pollutants from the aqueous systems. The current work explores the applicability of nickel ferrite nanocomposite functionalized with L-cysteine attached 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to remove a selective class of antibiotics known as fluoroquinolones (Lomefloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Norfloxacin). 20 mg of this nanocomposite achieve maximum removal efficiencies of 61%, 67%, and 75% for 40 mg L−1 of lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The nanocomposites also show good regeneration capacity with negligible reduction in the efficiencies up to three cycles. Furthermore, adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to characterize the removal of fluoroquinolones from the aqueous phase by the nanocomposites. The results show that the adsorption process was in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm, thus confirming its monolayer sorption process and also reveals that adsorption kinetics follows a pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorption capacity of functionalized nickel ferrite nanocomposites are 122 mg g−1, 135 mg g−1, and 150 mg g−1 for lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Overall, all the results obtained indicate that the nickel ferrite nanocomposite functionalized with L-cysteine attached 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is an effective adsorbent to remove fluoroquinolones from the aqueous systems and could be potentially incorporated in water treatment processes under well-defined parameters. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.Item Amino acid functionalized metal oxide nanocomposite for the removal of fluoroquinolones(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Ilango, I.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.Antibiotic consumption has increased globally, and its discharge into water bodies at concentrations ranging from a few ng/L to mg/L has a detrimental effect on the ecosystems. Amino acid functionalized nickel ferrite nanoparticles were chosen to improve the stability of bare nanoparticles and prevent oxidation and leaching ions in nanoparticles thereby targeting the antibiotics in the contaminated water bodies. The removal of ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin hydrochloride in the aqueous phase was investigated using a hydrothermally synthesized L-Leucine functionalized nickel ferrite nanocomposite (NFO@L). Various analytical techniques were used to analyze L-Leucine functionalized nickel ferrite, and the nanocomposite's average particle diameter was determined to be between 11 and 15 nm. The maximal measured zeta potential was −21.5 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ninhydrin assay and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the attachment of L-Leucine onto nickel ferrite. The nanocomposite's surface-to-volume ratio was calculated to be 92.916 m2/g. The S-shaped curve from the vibrating sample magnetometer analysis reflected the superparamagnetic behaviour of the nanocomposite with a saturation magnetization of 0.665 emu/g. Various parametric experiments were conducted, in which 93.549% ciprofloxacin was removed in 120 min at 303 K, pH 8 and NFO@L dosage of 100 mg in 100 mL whereas 75.192% lomefloxacin hydrochloride was removed in 140 min at 333 K, pH 9 and NFO@L dosage of 70 mg in 100 mL. The plot of experimental datum in kinetic and isotherm studies fitted well with the Pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm. There was no evidence of iron ions leaching from the final analyte. The recycle and regeneration studies showed good stability with a small reduction after four cycle runs. Based on these findings, the Leucine functionalized nickel ferrite nanocomposite could be a potent adsorbent for the removal of low-concentrated ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin hydrochloride in the wastewater. © 2023Item Functionalization of β-cyclodextrin onto NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ketoprofen and diclofenac from the aqueous solutions(Institute for Ionics, 2024) Ilango, I.; Mohan Balakrishnan, R.M.; Visvanathan, C.; Bui, X.-T.; Velusamy, P.A new β-CD functionalized nickel ferrite nanocomposite was synthesized and used to remove pharmaceutical drugs, such as ketoprofen (KF) and diclofenac (DCF). The co-precipitation approach was utilised to synthesize nickel ferrite (NFO) nanoparticles, which were then functionalized with TEOS to form NFO@SiO2; β-cyclodextrin was then functionalized using GPTMS as an interface to form NFO@SiO2@β-CD. FTIR, ZD, FE-SEM, EDX, TGA/DTG, VSM, BET, zeta potential and particle size analysis were then used to characterise the nanocomposites. The NFO@SiO2@β-CD has an average diameter of 109.1 nm, superparamagnetic behaviour, a mesoporous surface and a specific surface of 20.78 m2/g. The functionalized NFO@SiO2@ β-CD nanocomposite removed 94% of diclofenac in 5 min and 80% of ketoprofen in 360 min with the adsorption capacities of 8.46 and 0.54 mg/g, respectively. The obtained experimental datum for both the pollutants was fitted in kinetic and isotherm models, with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption isotherm showing the best fit with the highest regression of R 2 = 0.99. The nanocomposite was regenerated using 0.1 M NaOH and recycled for about four consecutive cycles in which the reduction in the removal efficiency of ketoprofen and diclofenac was observed to be 51.36% and 64%, respectively. These results suggested that the NFO@SiO2@β-CD nanocomposite could be used specifically to target the low-concentrated pharmaceutical pollutants. Graphical Abstract: Schematic representation of Functionalization of β-Cyclodextrin onto NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ketoprofen and diclofenac from the aqueous solutions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Iranian Society of Environmentalists (IRSEN) and Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University.