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Item Studies on the removal of Pb(II) from wastewater by activated carbon developed from Tamarind wood activated with sulphuric acid(2008) Singh, C.K.; Sahu, J.N.; Mahalik, K.K.; Mohanty, C.R.; Mohan, B.R.; Meikap, B.C.The low-cost activated carbon were prepared from Tamarind wood material by chemical activation with sulphuric acid for the adsorption of Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capacity to adsorb Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solutions. The parameters studied include physical and chemical properties of adsorbent, pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and initial concentrations. The kinetic data were best fitted to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second order models. The isotherm equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum removal of lead(II) was obtained 97.95% (experimental) and 134.22 mg/g (from Langmuir isotherm model) at initial concentration 40 mg/l, adsorbent dose 3 g/l and pH 6.5. This high uptake showed Tamarind wood activated carbon as among the best adsorbents for Pb(II). © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Performance characteristics of the particulates scrubbing in a counter-current spray-column(2008) Mohan, B.R.; Biswas, S.; Meikap, B.C.Spray scrubbers are being widely used for off gas cleaning in chemical process industries due to its various advantages like low-pressure drop and simplicity. A pilot plant counter-current spray-column wet scrubber has been conceived, designed and fabricated. Experimental investigations were conducted to quantify the performances of a counter-current spray-column for scrubbing the particulates from the gaseous waste stream. Performance characteristics of the air-blast atomizing spray-column have been evaluated on the basis of the fly-ash (particulates) collection efficiencies within the stability range of the column. A maximum efficiency of 94.23% is achieved for gas and liquid flow rate of 5.084 × 10-3 Nm3/s and 33.34 × 10-6 m3/s, respectively. Results further show that Inlet solid loading effects positively in increasing the collection efficiency. Experimental results were further analyzed in terms of various pertinent variables of the system and a simplified correlation has been proposed. The predicted values agreed well with the experimental data obtained. A maximum difference of 17-18% was found towards higher liquid rates, rest showing a very minimum percentage of error and standard deviations between the experimental and the predicted values. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Hydrodynamics characterization of a counter-current spray column for particulate scrubbing from flue gases(2008) Biswas, S.; Rajmohan, B.; Meikap, B.C.Growing environmental concern and tightening of the regulations for particulate emission from various sources force us to think of an alternative technology for their control, which is cost effective and of high performance. A spray column using a wet process to control the particulates offers design simplicity, and has various other advantages over other conventional equipment used in industry. This work presents the hydrodynamic study of the spray column for the removal of particulates from gaseous wastes. Experiments were carried out to quantify pressure drop (?P), for varied gas and liquid rates ranging from 3.084 × 10-3 to 5.584 × 10-3 Nm3/s and 8.35 × 10-6 to 33.34 × 10 -6 m3/s, respectively with QL/QG ratio ranging from 1.59 to 10.81 m3 per 1000 ACM (actual cubic meter). The maximum pressure drop incurred in the column is 327 N/m3, which is at a gas rate of 5.584 × 10-3 Nm3/s, liquid rate of 33.34 × 10-6 m3/s, and an inlet solid loading range of 0-2.5 kg/m3. This is quite low compared to other wet process-based equipment, thus making it a low power loss scrubber. These results have further demonstrated the impact of solid dust (particulates) on the pressuredrop-hydrodynamics. A correlation was put forward for prediction of the overall pressure drop in the column. The experimental values agreed well with the predicted values, with minimum percentage error and standard deviation. © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.