Faculty Publications
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Item Enhanced degradation of paracetamol by UV-C supported photo-Fenton process over Fenton oxidation(2011) Manu, B.; Mahamood, S.For the treatment of paracetamol in water, the UV-C Fenton oxidation process and classic Fenton oxidation have been found to be the most effective. Paracetamol reduction and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal are measured as the objective functions to be maximized. The experimental conditions of the degradation of paracetamol are optimized by the Fenton process. Influent pH 3, initial H 2O 2 dosage 60 mg/L, [H 2O 2]/[Fe 2+] ratio 60 : 1 are the optimum conditions observed for 20 mg/L initial paracetamol concentration. At the optimum conditions, for 20 mg/L of initial paracetamol concentration, 82% paracetamol reduction and 68% COD removal by Fenton oxidation, and 91% paracetamol reduction and 82% COD removal by UV-C Fenton process are observed in a 120 min reaction time. By HPLC analysis, 100% removal of paracetamol is observed at the above optimum conditions for the Fenton process in 240 min and for the UV-C photo-Fenton process in 120 min. The methods are effective and they may be used in the paracetamol industry. © IWA Publishing 2011.Item Low cost Fenton's oxidative degradation of 4-nitroaniline using iron from laterite(IWA Publishing 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS, 2016) Amritha, A.S.; Manu, B.The present study aims to establish the use of iron (Fe) from larerite in the case of Fenton's oxidation process which is a simple and cost-effective method for degradation of nitro compounds in effluents and in surface or ground water. 4-nitroaniline (4-NA) degradation by Fenton's oxidation method is the subject of the present study so as to optimize pH, hydrogen peroxide/iron (H/F) ratio at different initial concentrations of 4-NA. The optimum pH obtained was 3. The present study has also established optimum H/F ratio for the different initial concentrations of 4-NA for both conventional and use of Fe from laterite. The maximum removal efficiency of 99.84% was obtained for an H/F ratio of 100 for 0.5 mM initial concentration of 4-NA. The study establishes the use of Fe extracted from locally available laterite soil (LS) as a replacement of Fe salts so as to reduce the cost of the process. © 2016 IWA Publishing.Item Fenton's treatment of actual agriculture runoff water containing herbicides(IWA Publishing 12 Caxton Street London SW1H 0QS, 2017) Sangami, S.; Manu, B.This research was to study the efficiency of the Fenton's treatment process for the removal of three herbicides, namely 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), ametryn and dicamba from the sugarcane field runoff water. The treatment process was designed with the Taguchi approach by varying the four factors such as H 2 O 2 /COD (1-3.5), H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ (5-50), pH (2-5) and reaction time (30-240 min) as independent variables. Influence of these parameters on chemical oxygen demand (COD), ametryn, dicamba and 2,4-D removal efficiencies (dependent variables) were investigated by performing signal to noise ratio and other statistical analysis. The optimum conditions were found to be H 2 O 2 /COD: 2.125, H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ : 27.5, pH: 3.5 and reaction time of 135 min for removal efficiencies of 100% for ametryn, 95.42% for dicamba, 88.2% for 2,4-D and with 75% of overall COD removal efficiencies. However, the percentage contribution of H 2 O 2 /COD ratio was observed to be significant among all four independent variables and were 44.16%, 67.57%, 51.85% and 50.66% for %COD, ametryn, dicamba and 2,4-D removal efficiencies, respectively. The maximum removal of herbicides was observed with the H 2 O 2 dosage of 5.44 mM and Fe 2+ dosage of 0.12 mM at pH 3.5. © IWA Publishing 2017 W.Item Degradation of nitroaromatic compounds: a novel approach using iron from laterite soil(Springer Verlag, 2018) Amritha, A.S.; Manu, B.The Fenton’s oxidation process has been found to be a simple and economical method for the treatment of nitroaromatic compounds in water. In the present study, the iron extracted from the laterite soil was used as a catalyst and optimization of pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration and iron concentration was studied for different initial concentrations of 2-nitroaniline (2-NA), 3-nitroaniline (3-NA) and 4-nitroaniline (4-NA). The optimum pH obtained was 2.5 for 2-NA and 3-NA and 3 for 4-NA. The maximum removal efficiency obtained was 85.3%, 84.3% and 98.7% for 0.5 mM initial concentration at a hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3.5 mM, 4.5 mM and 5 mM for 2-NA, 3-NA and 4-NA, respectively, with a constant iron concentration of 0.05 mM. © 2018, The Author(s).Item Bacteriological synthesis of iron hydroxysulfate using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and its application in ametryn degradation by Fenton's oxidation process(Academic Press, 2019) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.The investigation reports the application of biogenic jarosite, an iron hydroxy sulfate mineral in Fenton's Oxidation process. Ametryn, a herbicide detrimental to aquatic life and also to human is treated by Fenton's oxidation process using synthesized iron mineral, jarosite. The jarosite synthesis was carried out by using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans bacterial strain with ferrous as an iron supplement. The isolated strain was characterized by molecular techniques and biooxidation activity to ferrous to ferric iron was checked. On Fenton's treatment ametryn degradation upto 84.9% and COD removal to the extent of 56.1% was observed within 2 h of treatment and the reaction follows the pseudo first order kinetics with the curve best fit. The slight increase in kinetic rate constant on jarosite loading rate increase from 0.1 g/L to 0.5 g/L with H2O2 dosage of 100 mg/L confirms that jarosite has a catalytic role in the removal of ametryn. Mass spectroscopy analysis of treated synthetic ametryn solution at various intervals reveal the degradation follows dealkylation and hydroxylation pathway with the formation of three major intermediate compounds discussed here. © 2018 Elsevier LtdItem Bioleaching of iron from laterite soil using an isolated Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain and application of leached laterite iron as Fenton’s catalyst in selective herbicide degradation(Public Library of Science, 2021) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.A novel isolated strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans BMSNITK17 has been investigated for its bioleaching potential from lateritic soil and the results are presented. System conditions like pH, feed mineral particle size, pulp density, temperature, rotor speed influences bioleaching potential of Acidithiobcillus ferrooxidans BMSNITK17 in leaching out iron from laterite soil. Effect of sulfate addition on bioleaching efficiency is studied. The bioleached laterite iron (BLFe’s) on evaluation for its catalytic role in Fenton’s oxidation for the degradation of ametryn and dicamba exhibits 94.24% of ametryn degradation and 92.45% of dicamba degradation efficiency. Fenton’s oxidation performed well with the acidic pH 3. The study confirms the role of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans in leaching iron from lateritic ore and the usage of bioleached lateritic iron as catalyst in the Fenton’s Oxidation. © 2021 S et al.Item Sustainable replacement of EDTA–Biojarosite for commercial iron in the Fenton’s and UV–Fenton’s degradation of Rhowedamine B – a process optimization using Box–Behnken method(IWA Publishing, 2022) Bhaskar, S.; Rashmishree, K.N.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.Biojarosite as a replacement for commercial iron catalyst in the oxidative degradation of the dye Rhodamine B was confirmed and established. Investigations on the oxidative degradation by Fenton’s oxidation and UV–Fenton’s oxidation with EDTA at neutral pH were conducted and degradation of target compound was evaluated. UV–Fenton’s oxidation was shown to be efficient over Fenton’s oxidation in the degradation of Rhodamine B with removal efficiency of 90.0%. Design of Experiments was performed with Box–Behnken design. Investigation was conducted for the predicted values separately for both Fenton’s oxidation and UV–Fenton’s oxidation and the Rhodamine B removal was taken as response. Variable parameters biojarosite, H2O2 dosage and EDTA were optimized in the range of 0.1–1 g/L, 2.94–29.4 mM and 10–100 mM, respectively. A quadratic regression model is fitted for both Fenton’s and UV–Fenton’s oxidation. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed and model fit is discussed. © 2022 The Authors.Item Green synthesis of granular activated carbon/zinc ferro nanocomposites-based bioleached laterite iron (BLaFe) for the removal of Rhodamine B in water using adsorption–Fenton’s oxidation process(IWA Publishing, 2023) Bhaskar, S.; Rashmishree, K.N.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.Novel cost-effective catalyst granular activated carbon (GAC)-based zinc ferro nanocomposites for the heterogeneous Fenton’s oxidation of dye were synthesized using bioleached laterite iron (BLFe) as a precursor and Psidium gujava leaf extract. Synthesized nanocomposites were characterized using SEM, EDS, XRD and BET surface area analysis. The degradation of Rhodamine dye was carried out with nanocomposites using adsorption–Fenton’s oxidation process. The catalytic role of nano-composites in Fenton’s oxidation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was investigated and reported. The maximum dye removal of 96.2% was observed with 64.2% COD removal within 200 min of treatment. An increase in nanocomposite dosage has a positive effect on dye removal marking 5 g/L as an optimum dosage. Adsorption studies reveal that RhB removal using BLFe-based GAC/zinc ferro composites fits the Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm model with an adsorption capacity of 47.81 mg/g. A com-bination of adsorption and Fenton’s oxidation has resulted in higher removal efficiency with nanocomposite material. Reusability studies confirm that the spent catalyst can be reused for five cycles. © 2023 The Authors.Item Synthesis of plant-based biogenic jarosite nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni leaf extracts and its application in Fenton degradation of dicamba(Editorial Office of Water Science and Engineering, 2024) Bhaskar, S.; Manu, B.; Sreenivasa, M.Y.; Manoj, A.Bio-jarosite, an iron mineral synthesized biologically using bacteria, is a substitute for iron catalysts in the Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants. Iron nanocatalysts have been widely used as Fenton catalysts because they have a larger surface area than ordinary catalysts, are highly recyclable, and can be treated efficiently. This study aimed to explore the catalytic properties of bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles synthesized with green methods using two distinct plant species: Azadirachta indica and Eucalyptus gunni. The focus was on the degradation of dicamba via Fenton oxidation. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited different particle size, shape, surface area, and chemical composition characteristics. Both particles were effective in removing dicamba, with removal efficiencies of 96.8% for A. indica bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles (ABFeNPs) and 93.0% for E. gunni bio-jarosite iron nanoparticles (EBFeNPs) within 120 min of treatment. Increasing the catalyst dosage by 0.1 g/L resulted in 7.6% and 43.0% increases in the dicamba removal efficiency for EBFeNPs and ABFeNPs with rate constants of 0.025 min−1 and 0.023 min−1, respectively, confirming their catalytic roles. Additionally, the high efficiency of both catalysts was demonstrated through five consecutive cycles of linear pseudo-first-order Fenton oxidation reactions. © 2023 Hohai University