Faculty Publications
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Item Use of geoinformatics and geophysical applications in landslide studies: An overview(World Research Association Vijay Nagar A.B. Road Indore 452 010, 2019) Thejashree, G.; Lokesh, K.N.; Dwarakish, G.S.Landslide is one of the hazardous geological phenomena which is gaining attention worldwide because of destruction caused by it. Due to the drastic increase in urbanization and human intervention in hilly regions, the destruction caused by mass wasting is increasing day by day. Landslides are far from the control of humans. But the destruction and losses caused by these calamites can be minimized, if their occurrence is known before time. This review paper aims at discussing how remote sensing, GIS and geophysical techniques can be utilized for investigation of landslides and mapping of landslide susceptible areas. Geophysical techniques can provide important information on physical characteristics linked with landslide mechanism. Complementarily, remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques play an important role in the generation of thematic layers related to landslide occurrences which aid to produce susceptible, hazard zonation and landslide inventory maps. Such integrated approach on landslides studies can bring about better understanding and help to take up mitigation measures to reduce the landslide hazards. © 2019, World Research Association. All rights reserved.Item From the analysis of 15 groundwater samples collected from the bore wells of Manipal Institute of Technology Campus, Manipal, it is found that the physicochemical parameters are within the maximum permissible limits of drinking water standards. However, low fluoride (>0.6 mg/L) is observed in all the groundwater samples and high iron (>1.0 mg/L) in one of the samples. The study also reveals that groundwater of this campus is dominated by bicarbonate anion with magnesium and calcium cations.(Quality of groundwater of Borewells in M.I.T., Campus, Manipal, Karnataka) Narayana Shenoy, K.; Lokesh, K.N.1999Item Importance of geology and soil survey for mobile communication site planning using RS/GIS technology(2010) Naveenchandra, B.; Lokesh, K.N.; Usha; Gangadhara Bhat, H.G.Geology and Soil survey constitutes a valuable resource inventory linked with the survival of life on the earth. The technological advancements in the field of remote sensing and Geographical Information System have been a boon for such surveys. The present paper describes the role of Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) technologies for geological mapping and characterizing the importance of soils at various scales for identification of suitable sites for mobile communication network. Cellular network design is becoming more and more important since the network quality is highly dependent on the distribution of base stations. To design a cellular network for a particular region efficiently and accurately, the site suitability is an important determination. The country's mobile services market is forecast to grow by a compound annual rate of 28.3% in next five years. India is a vibrant market from communications point of view. The subscriber base in the wireless market in India, the world's fastest growing telecom market reached another milestone when it surpassed 200 million subscribers in Aug 2008. At present there are around 54000 cell sites operated by different GSM/CDMA operators. This number would further go up to 80,000 in next couple of years. To serve an increasing number of users requires an increasing number of base stations. Thus, operators must carefully plan the deployment and configurations of radio base stations to support voice and data traffic at a level of quality expected by customers. The present study carried out in the Udupi district of Karnataka State based on IRS 1C/1D LISS-III and CARTOSAT-1 satellite data. Various thematic maps like geology, soil, geomorphology, slope and land use/land cover with DEM has helped in understanding the terrain in a better way. The multi spectral satellite data in conjunction with SuperGIS, SuperPad and Getac GPS hardware have helped to formulate suitable plans and strategies for an effective Telecom planning and development in Udupi district. © 2010 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item Morphometric evidences for neotectonism in the Mulki River basin of coastal Karnataka, India(2011) Radhakrishnan, K.; Lokesh, K.N.Mulki River basin, a rectilinear midland river draining the coastal Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka located in the Mulki-Pulikat Lake axis in south Indian Peninsula shield has been analysed for various morphometric characteristics to understand the tectonic conditions of the basin along with supporting evidences of geomorphology, geology and structural features using Remote Sensing and GIS technology. The regional neotectonism suggested by earlier workers evidenced through geomorphologic features and geology of the area has been established through morphometric analysis. Even though Mulki, a 6 th order river basin obeys the Horton's laws of stream order it disobeys the Horton's law of stream length, indicating the regional uplift due to neotectonic activities. Fluctuating stream length ratio of successive stream orders in the basin again stress upliftment and a late youth stage development of geomorphic features reflected in slope and topographic conditions. The range of varying bifurcation ratios and the low Form Factor along with Circularity and Elongation Ratios strongly suggest a geologically and structurally controlled drainage system with elongated basin shape and high relief pointing towards neotectonism. A very low relief ratio of 0.008342, with entrenched meandering plain and a steep structural ridge within the basin indicates a rejuvenation of the basin with regional uplift. A very coarse graded drainage texture of 7.84 with low stream frequency of 2.5 and a drainage density of 1.877km/km 2 suggest that the area is having highly resistant permeable subsoil in a low relief terrain indicative of neogene tectonic activities. © 2011 CAFET-INNOVA TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved.Item A Study on effects of telecom electromagnetic radiations on eco-system of the region using geo-information technology(Association for Geoinformation Technology, 2015) Naveenchandra, ?.; Lokesh, K.N.; Usha, B.H.; Gangadhara, B.H.Our environment is subjected to exposure to microwave and radio electromagnetic irradiations because of widespread use of wireless telecommunication services. The electromagnetic radiations like radio waves, microwaves and Infrared rays emitted from the multiple telecom sites also contributing large amounts of environment harming to natural eco systems and causing climate change. A potentially constant exposure has caused an alert in public and governments about the so-called environmental electromagnetic pollution. Assessment of the RF EMF impact on plants is of great importance because plants have an important role in the living world as main primary producers of organic compounds and oxygen. Plants are continuously exposed to various environmental stresses and display a wide spectrum of developmental and biochemical responses contributing to stress adaptation. Their physiological responses can be evoked by a great variety of external stimuli, including mobile phone radiation. The adverse effects of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones and communication towers on health of human beings are well documented today. However, exact correlation between radiation of communication towers and eco-system, are not yet very well established. In this context, there is need to carry out the scientific investigations to understand the effects of RF radiation on plants. The main objective of this research is to measurement of signal strength and power emitted by the tower and to establish guidelines for limiting EMF exposure that will provide protection against known adverse effects on eco-systems will be studied using Geo-Informatics techniques in Udupi District, Karnataka State. The advancement in the recent years in the field of Geo-Informatics has enabled us to get the required spatial information of the environment in a better way. © Geoinformatics International.Item Multivariate statistics and water quality index (WQI) approach for geochemical assessment of groundwater quality—a case study of Kanavi Halla Sub-Basin, Belagavi, India(Springer editorial@springerplus.com, 2020) B Patil, V.B.; Pinto, S.M.; Govindaraju, T.; Virupaksha, V.S.; Bhat, V.; Lokesh, K.N.Groundwater quality analysis has become essentially important in the present world scenario. In recent years, advanced technologies have replaced the traditional ones which are being helpful in simplifying the complex works. In this study, multivariate statistical analysis is carried out with the help of SPSS software for 45 groundwater samples of Kanavi Halla Sub-Basin (KHSB). The quality of groundwater is determined for various parameters which were analyzed and their concentration is correlated with other parameters using correlation matrix. The PCA technique is applied on water quality parameters, from which four components are extracted with 80.28% total variance. The extracted components suggest that the sources behind the higher loadings of each factor are by geological, agricultural, rainfall, domestic wastewater and industrial activities. Results of the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and Bartlett’s test conducted have value of 0.659 which is greater than the standard value (0.5). Based on water quality index (WQI), it was noticeably depicted that 2/3rd of the KHSB groundwater quality falls under poor to very poor condition, and hardly 26% of groundwater available is portable. Thus, this study contributes the effective use of multivariate statistics and WQI analysis for groundwater quality. It helps in understanding the hydro-geochemistry of the groundwater and also aids in minimizing the larger set of data into smaller set with effective interpretation. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V.Item Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones using Integrated Approach in Semi-Arid Hard Rock Terrain, Kanavi Halla Sub-Basin, Belagavi District, Karnataka(Springer, 2020) Patil, V.B.B.; Lokesh, K.N.; Krishnamurthy, M.P.; Nadagoudar, H.V.Water scarcity has become a major problem especially in arid and semi-arid regions due to insufficient rainfall throughout the globe. This has led in serious search for groundwater resources. Kanavi Halla Sub Basin (KHSB) of Ghataprabha River basin drained by Ghataprabha River, Belagavi District of Karnataka state in India has been considered for present study. Electrical resistivity survey was carried out at selected sites using Schlumberger method with four electrode configuration. A total of 22 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) were conducted throughout KHSB and representative of different litho units were considered. Data obtained were then interpreted using curve matching technique with IPI2Win software. The interpreted graphs show three to six layers. The various interpreted curve types are of AAK-type, HA-type, A-type, KH-type, HAA-type, KQH-type, AK-type, K-type, HQH-type, H-type and AKQH-type. From the results it shows that the maximum number of curves are associated with A type which refers to hard rock terrain, whereas curve associated with H type indicates water potential site. The expected subsurface strata are interpreted on the basis of observed bore well drilling data. Borewell log reveals soil formation followed by moderately weathered formation, weathered jointed formation, jointed formation, hard formation from top to bottom. Further deep, the formation is devoid of joints and fractures. Therefore, the weathered, jointed formation may be interpreted as water bearing zone. 2-D geo-electric section has been drawn using IPI2WIN over eight selected trends to understand the geometry of the aquifer formed. The investigation was meant to characterize the aquifer in KHSB along with the risk assessment for contaminants through seepage in terms of protective capacity with the help of Dar-Zarrouk (D-Z) parameters such as longitudinal unit conductance (S), longitudinal resitivity (?1), transverse unit resistance (T), transverse resistivity (?t), Electrical anisotropy(?) and root mean square resistivity (?m). These were evaluated to know the aquifer conditions in order to demarcate the freshwater bearing zones. South eastern part of KHSB might be contaminated and 30% of the area is weak to poor capacity protective zone for contaminants. The work adequately highlights the practical use of geophysical techniques, combination of geo-electrical modelling, D-Z parameters, borehole log in the groundwater resource assessment process. This technique is highly recommended for the area with similar geological setup. © 2020, Geological Society of India.Item Electrical resistivity, remote sensing and geographic information system approach for mapping groundwater potential zones in coastal aquifers of Gurpur watershed(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Virupaksha, H.S.; Lokesh, K.N.Electrical resistivity method and RS & GIS techniques are very much useful in identification of potential aquifer zones for exploitation, management and recharge of groundwater. Vertical Electrical Soundings are conducted at 35 locations in Gurpur watershed using Schlumberger array. The thematic layers like porosity, transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity are prepared using electrical resistivity data. Total of 13 thematic layers are used for vector integration and identification of Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ). The numerical weights and ranks are assigned to the themes based on their relationship with groundwater. The findings shows that the depth to bedrock varies from 9.1 to 44.4 m and most of the mid land and low land region shows moderate to high depths of about 25–44 m. The GWPZ are classified into five classes namely, Very Good (?21.02 km2), Good (?231.35 km2), Moderate (?420.76 km2), Poor (?185.05 km2) and Very Poor (?19.56 km2). The Good and Moderate categories cover ?75% of total area. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Shrinkage Limit Studies from Moisture Content: Electrical Resistivity Relationships of Soils(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Vincent, N.A.; Shivashankar, R.; Lokesh, K.N.; Nath, D.At the shrinkage limit, the soil is just fully saturated. Shrinkage limit of soils can be perceived as a point of inflection in either direction. While decreasing the water content, from its liquid state to the solid state, a point of inflection is reached (shrinkage limit) when further reduction in water content will not cause a reduction in the volume of the soil mass. While increasing the water content, from a partially saturated state to a fully saturated state and beyond, the electrical resistivity reduces, and from the point of shrinkage limit onwards, there is no further appreciable reduction in electrical resistivity. Earlier studies have proven that shrinkage limit is not governed by plasticity characteristics of the soil. Shrinkage limit is primarily a result of the packing phenomenon governed by the grain size distribution of the soil. This research investigates the relationship between moisture contents and electrical resistivity of well compacted/packed soils. It is shown that electrical resistivity measurements (ER–moisture content profile) of a well packed soil, in an electrical resistivity box, can be a useful tool for predicting the shrinkage limit of the soil. A very good agreement is obtained between Shrinkage limit assessed from standard shrinkage limit test and resistivity–water content profile. The assessment is proven to be valid for contaminated soils too, where in the Atterberg limits get altered. © 2021, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals.