Faculty Publications
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Item Duration of dry and humidified incubation of single-step embryo culture medium and oxygen tension during sham culture do not alter medium composition.(F1000 Research Ltd, 2022) Adiga, S.K.; Cheredath, A.; Uppangala, S.; Asampille, G.; Lakshmi, V.; Joseph, D.; Raval, K.; Gowda, N.; Kalthur, G.Background: The extended embryo culture using single-step medium gained popularity in clinical in vitro fertilisation (IVF). However, there are concerns about the degradation of unstable medium components and their negative effects on the developing embryos. Further, dry-incubation can increase osmolality, which can in-turn enhance the concentration of constituents of the media and their stability. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the immediate changes in the culture media constituents in relation to clinically comparable situations such as single-step extended embryo culture and use of dry and humidified-incubation in two-different gaseous conditions. Methods: Commercially available single-step medium was sham-cultured in droplets under oil in two different conditions viz. dry (37°C; 6%CO 2; 5%O 2) and humidified (37°C; 6% CO 2; atmospheric O 2) for 0h, 72h, and 120h intervals. Droplets were subjected to the sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based profiling using 800 MHz NMR equipped with a cryogenically cooled micro-coil (1.7mm) probe. NMR profile of the embryo culture medium between the two groups were comprehensively assessed. Results: A total of ten amino acids and four energy substrates were identified from the culture medium. The medium constituents identified showed a non-significant increase in the dry-incubation group at 72h and then declined at 120h. Humidified incubation had no effects on the level of the identified medium constituents until 120h. No significant differences in the levels of medium constituents identified were observed between the dry and humidified-groups at various time-points tested. Conclusions: A non-significant variation in the levels of medium constituents observed in the dry-incubation of single-step medium most unlikely to influence a clinical outcome. However, the impact of these subtle changes on the (epi)genetic integrity of the embryos in a clinical set-up to be addressed. © 2022 Cheredath A et al.Item A croconic acid-derived narrow band gap conjugated microporous polymer(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Enoch, S.; Nipate, A.B.; Lakshmi, V.; Malakalapalli, R.R.Croconic acid, a novel highly electron-deficient building block, was introduced into a conjugated microporous polymer (CTPA). The CMP possesses strong donor-acceptor interactions, which resulted in near-IR absorption (red edge ∼1350 nm), a narrow bandgap (<1 eV) and high electrical conductivity upon doping (0.1 S m−1). Compared to the squaric acid congener (STPA), CTPA showed superior optical, electronic and electrical properties. © 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Functionalized 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-diketone difluoroboron complexes(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Shenoy, A.M.; Fernandes, P.P.; Lakshmi, V.BF2 complexes of 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-diketones are highly emissive compounds and well known to be ?-electronic anion-responsive systems because of their role in the formation of ion-pair assemblies. Despite their impressive electronic properties, their broader potential remains unexplored. Here, we synthesized a series of novel mono-functionalized ?-electronic BF2 complexes of 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-diketones. Controlled functionalization was achieved by selectively introducing formyl, iodo, nitro and amine groups at the ?-position of the unsubstituted pyrrole of 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-diketone BF2 complexes. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of compounds 2 and 4 provided definitive evidence of their molecular structures and confirmed selective functionalization. Detailed photophysical and electrochemical studies revealed the alteration of electronic properties through the choice of functional groups as evidenced by distinct absorption and emission profiles. Furthermore, DFT calculations complemented the experimental findings by providing insights into the bandgap energies and molecular stability of the compounds. These functionalized BF2 complexes represent valuable building blocks for developing new derivatives with applications spanning organic electronics, bioimaging, and chemosensors. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Oligopyrrole-Based Anion-Responsive ?-Electronic Systems That Exhibit Anion-Dependent Chiroptical Properties(American Chemical Society, 2025) Lakshmi, V.; Haketa, Y.; Sato, R.; Shigeta, Y.; Maeda, H.Dipyrromethane dimers linked via a boron-bridged 1,3-propanedione moiety exhibited efficient anion-binding abilities. Trifluoromethyl and pentafluorophenyl moieties substituted at the meso positions of dipyrromethane induced chirality in the ?-electronic systems, whose conformations were controlled by anion binding. Anion complexes of the oligopyrrole-based chiral ?-electronic systems exhibited anion-dependent chiroptical properties, as seen in circular dichroism. © 2025 American Chemical Society.Item Croconic acid-based zwitterionic conjugated porous polymer featuring nitrogen-rich triazine cores for enhanced iodine capture(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Ravikumar, M.V.; Lakshmi, V.Increased nuclear energy consumption leads to the enormous release of hazardous gases such as iodine into the environment. To address this concern, two zwitterionic Conjugated Porous Polymers (CPPs) CTTz and STTz have been synthesized by incorporating nitrogen-rich TTz with zwitterionic CA/SA under catalyst-free solvothermal conditions to achieve efficient multi-state iodine adsorption. The multiple active binding sites serve their dominance in trapping iodine species effectively. The polymers demonstrated exceptional iodine adsorption capabilities in both vapour phase and solution phases, with ?6.4 g/g and ?1.1 g/g iodine adsorption for CTTz and ?4.6 g/g and ?1.6 g/g for STTz, respectively. The zwitterionic backbones (CA/SA) in the polymer framework facilitated the formation of charge transfer complexes with iodine species, and the presence of triazine moieties enhances adsorption. The exceptional iodine capturing by CTTz and STTz lasted over a period of five cycles (?80 %). The iodine-loaded and recovered CPPs were analyzed using FTIR, FESEM, BET, XRD, and Raman spectroscopic studies, revealing the capture and release of different iodine species (I2, I3-, and I5-) by adsorbents. These findings offer valuable insights for designing and developing advanced zwitterionic adsorbent materials for effective dual-phase iodine capture and removal. Environmental implication: Uncontrolled release of radioactive iodine from nuclear energy sources poses a significant environmental and public health risk due to its volatility, mobility, and potential for bioaccumulation. Thus, it is essential to develop highly efficient, regenerable, and chemically stable adsorbents for removing iodine contamination in both vapour and solution phases. This study presents CTTz and STTz synthesised using Tris(4-aminophenyl)triazine and croconic/squaric acid building blocks, demonstrating exceptional iodine capture in both phases. Their robust structures, rich in nitrogen, oxygen and ionic binding sites, enable efficient charge-transfer complex formation with iodine species under ambient conditions. These results promote next-generation adsorbent development for nuclear waste management and provide a viable solution for preventing iodine radionuclide environmental contamination. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.