Faculty Publications
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Item Permeation, Antifouling and desalination performance of TiO2 nanotube incorporated PSf/CS blend membranes(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Ahmed, A.A.Polysulfone (PSf) and chitosan (CS) blend membranes were prepared by incorporating titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2NT) in different compositions. The proper blending of PSf and CS in the PSf/CS/TiO2 membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. The influence of nanotubes on morphology of membranes was investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of nanotubes on hydrophilicity of the membranes was studied by water swelling and contact angle measurements. The distribution of TiO2NT on the membrane surface was determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. The permeation property of PSf/CS/TiO2NT membranes was carried out by measuring the time dependent pure water flux (PWF). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies were performed to know the antifouling properties. The rheological percolation threshold of PSf/CS/TiO2NT solutions was measured by viscosity studies. The nanotubes incorporated PSf/CS membranes showed enhanced permeation and antifouling properties compared to PSf/CS and nascent PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Membranes prepared well above rheological percolation threshold showed drastic reduction in pore size and acted as nanofiltration (NF) membranes. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Performance improvement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane using N-succinyl chitosan as additive(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Matsuura, T.A water soluble chitosan derivative, N-succinyl chitosan (NSCS), was blended with polysulfone (PSf) in three different compositions to fabricate PSf/NSCS blend membranes. The blending of polymers was confirmed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra-Red (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images for their cross-sectional morphology. Pure water flux, water uptake and contact angle of the PSf/NSCS blend membranes were measured and compared with the pristine polysulfone membrane. The PSf/NSCS blend membranes showed enhanced hydrophilicity and permeation fluxes compared to the pristine polysulfone membrane. The membrane antifouling property was determined by filtering the bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The maximum flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 70% was observed by the PSf/NSCS blend membrane with 20% NSCS content. The PSf/NSCS membranes with the PSf:NSCS ratios of 80:20 and 90:10 showed nearly the same fluxes as those of polysulfone/polyethylene glycol (PSf/PEG) blend membranes with the same compositions. The hydrophilic derivative of chitosan NSCS acted as an excellent additive in improving PSf ultrafiltration properties. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Polysulfone-Chitosan blend ultrafiltration membranes: Preparation, characterization, permeation and antifouling properties(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Abdul Rashid, S.A.; Matsuura, T.Biocompatible and naturally occurring chitosan was used as an additive for the preparation of a polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane. Two different compositions of polysulfone in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and chitosan in 1% acetic acid were blended to prepare PSf-CS ultrafiltration membranes by the diffusion induced phase separation (DIPS) method. The proper blending of polysulfone and chitosan in PSf-CS membranes was confirmed by ATR-IR analysis. The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The membrane hydrophilicity was determined by water uptake and contact angle measurements. The PSf-CS membrane showed an enhanced hydrophilicity compared to a PSf ultrafiltration membrane. The time dependent permeation studies revealed the improved flux of PSf-CS membranes. PSf-CS membranes were subjected to bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies. An improved antifouling property was observed for PSf-CS blend membranes as compared to pristine PSf ultrafiltration membranes. Both the permeation and antifouling properties of PSf-CS membranes increased with an increase in chitosan composition. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Antifouling and performance enhancement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes using CaCO3 nanoparticles(2013) Nair, A.K.; Isloor, A.M.; Kumar, R.; A.F., A.F.Calcium carbonate nanoparticles were synthesized from calcium nitrate via chemical precipitation method. The nanoparticles were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), Attenuated total reflectance infra red (ATR-IR) spectrum and by X-ray diffraction (XRD). These nanoparticles were used as additive for polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration membrane along with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as pore forming agent. The PSf hybrid membranes were characterized by ATR-IR, XRD, and SEM studies. ATR-IR and XRD results indicated the successful incorporation of the nanoparticles in the membranes. Cross sectional images of the membranes along with the elemental mapping of calcium on the membrane surface were assessed using SEM. Hydrophilicity of the membranes was evaluated in terms of contact angle measurements. The permeability of the membranes was determined by measuring the pure water flux (PWF). Membranes were also subjected to antifouling studies using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the standard protein for rejection. The membranes showed better permeability and antifouling property with the increased addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Synthesis and characterization of novel water soluble derivative of Chitosan as an additive for polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane(2013) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Matsuura, T.A novel water soluble Chitosan derivative N-propylphosphonic Chitosan (NPPCS) having a terminal phosphonic acid group was synthesized by reacting Chitosan with Hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P)® via one pot reaction. The novel derivative was characterized by 1H NMR, Attenuated Total Reflectance Infra Red (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and XRD. Due to insolubility of NPPCS in organic solvents, a new process was demonstrated for blending of NPPCS with Polysulfone. The proper blending of NPPCS with Polysulfone was confirmed by ATR-IR spectroscopy. The improved hydrophilicity of PSf/NPPCS membranes was confirmed by contact angle measurement. The permeation studies showed increased flux of PSf/NPPCS membranes as compared to the pristine Polysulfone membrane. The antifouling property of PSf/NPPCS membrane was determined by Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) protein rejection studies. The membranes showed the enhanced antifouling property as compared to pristine Polysulfone membranes with a maximum of 74% flux recovery ratio (FRR) value. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.Item Preparation and evaluation of heavy metal rejection properties of polysulfone/chitosan, polysulfone/N-succinyl chitosan and polysulfone/N-propylphosphonyl chitosan blend ultrafiltration membranes(Elsevier, 2014) Kumar, R.; Isloor, A.M.; A.F., A.F.Heavy metal rejection properties of chitosan based polysulfone/chitosan (PSf/CS), polysulfonef/N-succinyl chitosan (PSf/NSCS) and polysulfone/N-propylphosphonyl chitosan (PSf/NPPCS) ultrfiltration (UF) membranes were evaluated. The rejection of membranes towards the copper, cadmium and nickel ions was studied during ultrafiltration (UF) by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration (PEUF) processes. The flux change during the UF process and the effect of pH on the rejection were determined. The membrane recycling property was studied during PEUF process by filtering chelated CuSO4 solution. A maximum of 78% of Cu, 73% of Ni and 68% of Cd rejection for M-5 membrane, 75% of Cu, 71% of Ni and 66% of Cd rejection for M-8 membrane and 76% of Cu, 69% of Ni and 66% of Cd rejection for M-2 membrane with reasonably good flux was observed. Further improvement in heavy metal ion rejection was achieved by PEUF process. Membrane M-5 showed a maximum of 98%, 95% and 92% rejection for Cu, Ni and Cd respectively with steady state flux of 117L/m2h. An increase in membrane recycling property after the metal ion rejection was mainly attributed to the hydrophilicity of CS, NSCS and NPPCS. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.Item Performance intensification of the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane by blending with copolymer encompassing novel derivative of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) for heavy metal removal from wastewater(Elsevier B.V., 2018) Gnani Peer Mohamed, G.P.S.; Isloor, A.M.; Siddique, I.; Asiri, A.M.; A.F., A.F.; Kumar, R.; Ahamed, M.I.A simple, scalable, novel polymer was synthesized by the aminolysis of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) cumene terminated (PSMAC) using p-aminohippuric acid. The main objective was to perceive the effect of blend ratio of polysulfone (PSF) and poly[styrene-alt-(N-4-benzoylglycine-maleamic acid)] cumene terminated (PAH) on morphology and permeation properties of the membranes. The PSF/PAH blend membranes unveiled enriched hydrophilicity, porosity, zeta potential, water uptake and permeability owing to the existence of the hydrophilic PAH. However, the contact angle was not diminished over 20% of PAH ratio as there was an increase of hydrophobic alkyl group density. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed for the determination of the glass transition temperature of the blends and the results revealed that the polymer blend is miscible in nature. Moreover, the M-3 membrane was screened for the heavy metal ion removal and achieved removal of 91.5% of Pb2+ and 72.3% of Cd2+ ions, respectively. The adsorption parameters indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model fits well for both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions adsorption on M-3 membrane. The adsorption capacity attained from Langmuir isotherm model was 19.35 and 9.88 mg/g for Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions correspondingly. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.